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EXSC 310 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Smooth muscles are controlled by what nervous system

A

Autonomic

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1
Q

What are the three types of muscle

A

Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal

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2
Q

Where are smooth muscles located

A

Walls of blood vessels

Throughout internal organs(digestion, urinary, birth canal)

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3
Q

What nervous system controls cardiac muscles

A

Autonomic and endocrine systems

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4
Q

Where are cardiac muscles located

A

The heart

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5
Q

What nervous system controls skeletal muscles

A

Somatic nervous system

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6
Q

There are more then ______ different skeletal muscles

A

600

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7
Q

What is the outer connective tissue covering that surrounds the entire muscle

A

Epimysium

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8
Q

What are small bundles of fibers wrapped in a connective sheath

A

Fasciculi

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9
Q

What is the sheath of connective tissue that covers each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

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10
Q

A muscle fiber is also known as a what

A

Muscle cell

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11
Q

What is the membrane that surrounds each muscle fiber

A

Plasmalemma

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12
Q

What are the functions of the Plasmalemma

A
  • transports metabolites from capillaries into the muscle fiber
  • assists with transmission of an action potential
  • helps maintain acid-base balance
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13
Q

Plasmalemma and basement membrane make up what

A

Sarcolemma

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14
Q

What is the site of energy production

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

What is inside the Plasmalemma, a cytoplasm, a gelatin like substance that fills the spaces between myofibrils

A

Sarcoplasm

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16
Q

What are the functions of the transverse tubules( T tubules)

A
  • extension of the Plasmalemma

- helps deliver impulses to myofibrils

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17
Q

What the the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

A

The storage and release of CA+

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18
Q

What are the contractile elements of the muscle fiber

A

Myofibril

19
Q

What is the functional unit of the myofibrils

A

Sarcomere

20
Q

What band is the light zone

A

I band

21
Q

What band is the dark zone

A

A band

22
Q

What zone is in the middle of the A band

A

H zone

23
Q

What line is in the middle of the H zone

A

M line

24
Q

What is in the center of the I band

A

Z disc

25
Q

What band only contains thin filaments (actin)

A

I band

26
Q

What band contains both thick filaments (myosin) and thin filaments (actin)

A

A band

27
Q

What only contains thick filaments (myosin)

A

H zone

28
Q

What serves as an attachment site for thick filaments, assists in stabilizing the sarcomere

A

M line

29
Q

What at the end of the sarcomere is the point if attachment for thin filaments stability

A

Z disc

30
Q

What is made up of 2 twisted strands where each strand has a globular head

A

Myosin

31
Q

Each thick filament contains many heads which form _______ to interact with the thin filaments

A

Cross bridges

32
Q

Thin filaments are composed of what three things

A

Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin

33
Q

Where are thin filaments located

A

Between the thick filaments

34
Q

What is the protein that twists around the actin

A

Tropomyosin

35
Q

What protein that attaches to both actin and tropomyosin

A

Troponin

36
Q

The action potential arrives at the ______ and travels down the axon to the axon ________

A

Dendrites

Terminal

37
Q

What are the two types of muscle fibers

A

Slow twitch fibers (type 1)

Fast twitch fibers (type 2)

38
Q

The proportion of type 1 and type 2 fibers in an individuals _____ and _____ muscles are usually similar

A

Arm

Leg

39
Q

The order of motor unit recruitment is directly related to the _____ ______ size

A

Motor neuron

40
Q

What kind of contraction force is developed while the muscle is shortening

A

Concentric

41
Q

What kind of contraction force in generated while the muscle is lengthening

A

Eccentric

42
Q

What kind of contraction force is generated but the muscle of the muscle is unchanged

A

Isometric

43
Q

what type of fibers play a major role in high intensity exercise

A

type 2a

44
Q

what types of fibers are activated when the force demanded of a muscle is high

A

type 2x

45
Q

Motor units give what kind of response

A

all or nothing response

EXSC 310 (19 decks)

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