Chapter 1 Flashcards
Smooth muscles are controlled by what nervous system
Autonomic
What are the three types of muscle
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
Where are smooth muscles located
Walls of blood vessels
Throughout internal organs(digestion, urinary, birth canal)
What nervous system controls cardiac muscles
Autonomic and endocrine systems
Where are cardiac muscles located
The heart
What nervous system controls skeletal muscles
Somatic nervous system
There are more then ______ different skeletal muscles
600
What is the outer connective tissue covering that surrounds the entire muscle
Epimysium
What are small bundles of fibers wrapped in a connective sheath
Fasciculi
What is the sheath of connective tissue that covers each muscle fiber
Endomysium
A muscle fiber is also known as a what
Muscle cell
What is the membrane that surrounds each muscle fiber
Plasmalemma
What are the functions of the Plasmalemma
- transports metabolites from capillaries into the muscle fiber
- assists with transmission of an action potential
- helps maintain acid-base balance
Plasmalemma and basement membrane make up what
Sarcolemma
What is the site of energy production
Mitochondria
What is inside the Plasmalemma, a cytoplasm, a gelatin like substance that fills the spaces between myofibrils
Sarcoplasm
What are the functions of the transverse tubules( T tubules)
- extension of the Plasmalemma
- helps deliver impulses to myofibrils
What the the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
The storage and release of CA+
What are the contractile elements of the muscle fiber
Myofibril
What is the functional unit of the myofibrils
Sarcomere
What band is the light zone
I band
What band is the dark zone
A band
What zone is in the middle of the A band
H zone
What line is in the middle of the H zone
M line
What is in the center of the I band
Z disc
What band only contains thin filaments (actin)
I band
What band contains both thick filaments (myosin) and thin filaments (actin)
A band
What only contains thick filaments (myosin)
H zone
What serves as an attachment site for thick filaments, assists in stabilizing the sarcomere
M line
What at the end of the sarcomere is the point if attachment for thin filaments stability
Z disc
What is made up of 2 twisted strands where each strand has a globular head
Myosin
Each thick filament contains many heads which form _______ to interact with the thin filaments
Cross bridges
Thin filaments are composed of what three things
Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Where are thin filaments located
Between the thick filaments
What is the protein that twists around the actin
Tropomyosin
What protein that attaches to both actin and tropomyosin
Troponin
The action potential arrives at the ______ and travels down the axon to the axon ________
Dendrites
Terminal
What are the two types of muscle fibers
Slow twitch fibers (type 1)
Fast twitch fibers (type 2)
The proportion of type 1 and type 2 fibers in an individuals _____ and _____ muscles are usually similar
Arm
Leg
The order of motor unit recruitment is directly related to the _____ ______ size
Motor neuron
What kind of contraction force is developed while the muscle is shortening
Concentric
What kind of contraction force in generated while the muscle is lengthening
Eccentric
What kind of contraction force is generated but the muscle of the muscle is unchanged
Isometric
what type of fibers play a major role in high intensity exercise
type 2a
what types of fibers are activated when the force demanded of a muscle is high
type 2x
Motor units give what kind of response
all or nothing response
