Chapter 6 Flashcards
Major cardiovascular functions:
2. Removal of _____ and other metabolic waste
CO2
Major cardiovascular functions:
1. Delivery of _____ and other nutrients
O2
Major cardiovascular function:
3. Transportation of ________
Hormones
Major cardiovascular functions:
4. _______regulation
Thermo
Major cardiovascular functions:
5. Maintenance of ________ balance and overall body fluid balance
Acid-base
Major cardiovascular functions:
6. _______ function
Immune
The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to ensure adequate ______ _______ throughout the circulation to meet the metabolic _______ of the tissues
Blood flow
Demands
Heart _______ varies according to the stress placed on the chamber _______
Thickness
Walls
What is the most powerful of chambers and the largest chamber, with exercise training the size and thickness of this ventricle increases
Left ventricle
What node is known as the pacemaker
Sinoatrial or SA
What node transmits an impulse from the atrium into the ventricle
Atrioventricular or AV node
What branches to both ventricles and is also know as the bundle of his
AV bundle
What fibers are also known as terminal branches
Purkinje
PNS acts through the ______ nerve, releasing ______ to ______ heart rate and force of cardiac contraction
Vagus
ACh
Decrease
At maximal vagal tone, HR = _______ beats/min
20-30
SNS _______ rate of impulse generation and conduction speed, ______ heart rate and force of cardiac contraction, _____ release from _______ medulla
Increases
Decreases
Epi/ not epi
Adrenal
Maximal sympathetic stimulation, HR= _____ beats/ min
250
Resting HR in adults tend to be between ______ to _____ beats/min
60
100
Extended endurance training an lower resting HR to _____ beats/min or lower
35
The lower HR. Is thought to be due to increased ______ stimulation (increased ______ tone)
PNS
Vagal
An ECG provides a _______ record of the ______ activity of the heart and can be used to aid clinical diagnosis
Graphical
Electrical
Resting heart rate below 60 bpm
Bradycardia
Resting heart rate above 100 bpm
Tachycardia
premature ventricular contractions: _____ or ____ beats from impulses outside the _____ Node
Skipped or extra
SA
Three or more consecutive PVCs
Ventricular tachycardia
Ventricular fibrillation: contraction of the ventricular tissue is _______ and can result in cardiac _______
Uncoordinated
Death
Cardiac cycle is defined as the mechanical and electrical events that occur during ____ heart beat (_____ to _____)
One
Systole to systole
______ is the contraction phase during which chambers ______ blood
Systole
Expel
______ is the relaxion phase during which the chambers _______ with blood
Diastole
Fill
Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped per ______
Contraction
SV= _____-_____ (ml)
EDV
ESV
End diastolic volume- volume of blood in the ventricle just _____ contraction
Before
End systolic volume- volume of blood in ventricle just ______ contraction
After
Cardiac outputs total volume of blood pumped by the ventricle per ________
Minute
Q= _____x______ (L/min)
HR
SV
Average Q=________
5L/min
Total blood volume of a typical adult is ___ liters
5
Ejection fraction:
______ of blood pumped out of the _____ ventricle with each beat
Proportion
Left
EF=_____x_____x100%
SV
EDV
EF averages ____% at rest
60
______ blood pressure is the highest pressure within the vascular system generated during cardiac _______
Systolic
Contraction
_______ blood pressure is the lowest pressure within the vascular system when the heart is _______
Diastolic
Relaxed
Average blood pressure at rest:
120/80
Blood flows from a region within the vessel of _______ pressure to a region within the vessel with _______ pressure
High
Lower
Baroreceptors: stretch receptors in the _____ arch and _______ arteries that are sensitive to change in BP
Aortic
Carotid
What are chemical receptors that relay information about the chemical environment
Chemoreceptors
What are receptors that sense changes in muscle length and tension
Mechanoreceptors
