Ch. 8 Flashcards
HR eventually reaches a max, even as a workload ____
Increases
HR ____ proportionally to exercise intensity
Increases
HR ___~1 beat per year
Decreases
HR max =
208-(0.7x age in years)
For each ____ in workload, HR will ____ to a new steady state value in ______ minutes
Increase
Increase
2-3
Exercise training ______ steady state heart rate for a given sub maximal workload
Decreases
Steady state heart rate is a good predictor of _______ level
Fitness
Stroke volume is the Volume of blood expelled by the _____ ventricle during each _______ (beat)
Left
Contraction
Four factors that determine SV:
- The volume of _____ blood ____ to the heart (preload)
- Ventricular distensibility
- Ventricular ________
- Aortic or pulmonary artery pressure (_____)
Venous Returned
Contractibility
Afterload
SV is the major determinant of cardiorespiratory ________________
Endurance capacity (VO2 max)
SV _____ with ____ work rate, plateaus at _______% of VO2 max
Increases
Increasing
40-60
SV is influenced by body ______ due to _____ differences in venous return to the heart (SV ______ in supine or prone position (lying horizontal) due to _____ elimination
Position
Postural
Increases
Gravity
Frank Starling mechanism: an _____ volume of blood enters the ventricle (EDV), causing it to _______, and consequently it contracts with more _____
Increase
Stretch
Force
Increased SV during exercise
_______ stimulation
Sympathetic
Increased SV during exercise
Decreased peripheral _______ due to ___ ________ to active muscles
Resistance
Increased vasodilation
Cardiac output resting value is _____ L/m
5
In cardiac output ______ with increasing exercise intensity up to ~ ______ L/m
Increases
20 to 40
On cardiac output plasma volume and RBC volume _____ with ________ training
Increases
Endurance
In BP response during exercise systolic blood pressure ________
Increases
Diastolic blood pressure ______ ____ ____ significantly during exercise or may slightly ______
Does not change
Decrease
BP responses can be as high as ______ mmHg during static exercise
480/350
With _____ aerobic exercise and/or exercise in ____ environments, at a constant exercise intensity, there is a gradual _______ in stroke volume and an increase in ______
Prolonged
Hot
Decrease
Heart rate
_______% reduction in blood volume from sweating
10-15
Plasma moves from the blood to the _________ space
Interstitial
PV is lost through sweat, especially in ____ environment
Hot
______% reduction in PV with prolonged exercise
10-15
PV loss is proportional to ______ with resistance exercise
Intensity
Excessive PV loss can result in impaired _______
Performance
PV loss results in hemoconcentration ( a reduction in the ______ component of the blood)
Fluid
______: shortness of breath
Dyspnea
Dyspnea is often associated with: \_\_\_\_\_ conditioning Inability to readjust the blood \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ of respiratory muscles Inability to reestablish normal \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Poor
PCO2 H+
Fatigue
Homeostasis
_________: an increase in ventilation that exceeds the metabolic need for oxygen
Hyperventilation
______ maneuver: a breathing technique where air is trapped in the _____ against a closed ____\, increases intra-____ pressure
Valsalva
Lungs
Glottis
Abdominal
Valsalva maneuver
Reduced venous ______
______ pressure in the chest cavity
Dizziness and _______
Return
Increased
Fainting
The ratio between ________ and ____ ( the amount of O3 consumed by the tissues)
Ve (volume of air expired)
VO2
Ventilatory equivalent for O2 indicates breathing ______
Economy
Generally ________ remains relatively _____ over a wide range of exercise levels
Ve/VO2
Constant
In exercise induced arterial hypoxemia during exercise near their ______, the ____ athlete may experience limited ______ due to lack of ____ perfusion in the _____
VO2 max Elite Performance O2 Lungs
Pulmonary ventilation is _______ _____ a limiting factor for performance in the ______ athlete
Usually not
Average
Examples of buffers: _______ inorganic phosphates, _______, hemoglobin
Bicarbonate
Proteins
Acidosis: _____ pH
Low
Alkalosis: _____ pH
High
Tolerable limits of arterial blood pH: _________
6.9-7.5
Regulating pH
- _____ _____ in the blood
- _____ ______: short term, increased ____ concentrations stimulate respiratory centers to remove _____
- Renal (kidneys): ____ term
Chemical buffers Pulmonary ventilation H+ CO2 Long
Recovery of blood lactate to resting levels is facilitated by continued ________ exercise such as _____ (______ recovery)
Low intensity
Walking
Active
