Ch. 16 Flashcards
_______: any substance or phenomenon that has detrimental effects on performance
Ergolytic agent
_______: an effect produced by the subjects expectations after given an inactive substance
Placebo effect
Proven effects of caffeine
Increased mental alertness Increased concentration Elevated mood Fatigue and delayed onset Lower reaction time Increased catecholamine release Increased FFA mobilization Increase use of muscle triglycerides
Beta blockers are used to do what
Lower HR
What are the risks to caffeine
Nervousness Restlessness Insomnia Headache Gastrointestinal problems Tremors Dehydration
How many mg of caffeine is recommended 45-60 min before exercise
200-300 mg
Diuretics increase ______ production and excretion to decrease ______
Urine
BP
______: any substance or phenomenon that enhances performance
Ergogenic Aid
What is used for weight reduction and to mask other drugs during drug testing
Diuretics
What are the proven effects for diuretics
Significant temporary weight loss
Decreased aerobic capacity
What are the risks of diuretics
Decreased Thermoregulation Electrolyte imbalance Fatigue Muscle cramping Exhaustion Cardiac arrhythmias Cardiac arrest
Proven effects of anabolic steroids
Increased body mass and fat free mass
Increased total body potassium and nitrogen
Increased muscle size
Increased strength
Risks of anabolic steroids
Testicular atrophy Reduced sperm count Prostate and breast enlargement-men Breast regression,menstrual disruption Personality change Liver damage Cardiovascular disease
Prove effects of growth hormone
Increase fat free mass
Decrease fat mass
Increased bone density
Risks of growth hormone
Acromegaly Cardiomyopathy Glucose intolerance Diabetes Hypertension
What helps increase the total volume of red blood cells
Blood doping
What are the proven effects of blood doping
Increased VO2 max
Increased time to exhaustion
Increased performance time in endurance events
What are the risks of blood doping
Increased blood viscosity Blood clotting Heart failure Blood matching error Hepatitis HIV
What is the natural hormone produced by the kidney to stimulate RBC production
Erythropoietin (EPO)
What is the proven effects of EPO
Increased hemoglobin concentration
Increased hematocrit
Increased VO2 max
Increased treadmill time
What are the risks of EPO
Increased blood viscosity
Thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
What are the proven effects of oxygen supplementation
Enhances performance
Decreases peak blood lactate concentrations
What are the risks of oxygen supplementation
No serious risks to the body
O2 tank flammable
What is the natural part of body’s buffering system to maintain normal pH
Bicarbonate
Proven effects of bicarbonate
Increases performance in all out exercise lasting between 1-7 minutes
What are the risks of bicarbonate
Gastrointestinal cramping
Bloating
Diarrhea
Branched chained amino acids effects
Increases endurance performance by delaying fatigue
Glutamine effects
Decreased muscle recovery time
Improves immune function
Helps heal wounds
Creatine is a component of ____
ATP
Creatine increases muscle _______ content in most individuals
PCr
By using creatine, exercise performance in shirt periods of intense, high_____ output activity can be _______, particularly with repeated bouts
Power
Enhanced
Max isometric ______, rate of maximal ____ production, and aerobic ______ are NOT enhanced by creatine supplementation
Strength
Force
Capacity
What should you never take before exercise
Energy drinks
Effects of energy drinks
Dehydration
Strain on heart
Anxiety attacks
Insomnia
