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EXSC 310 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

0
Q

The energy we derive from food is stored in cells in the form of what

A

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

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1
Q

Nutrients from good are the substrates for metabolism and are provided and stored as what

A

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins

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2
Q

What serves as the immediate source of energy for most body functions including muscle contraction

A

ATP

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3
Q

During intense short duration muscular effort, the body relies mostly on what to generate ATP

A

Carbs

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4
Q

Longer, less intense exercise utilizes what to sustain energy production

A

Carbs and fat

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5
Q

All dietary carbohydrate is ultimately converted to what

A

Glucose

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6
Q

Glucose is taken up by muscle and liver and converted and stored as the complex sugar molecule called

A

Glycogen

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7
Q

Glycogen is converted back to glucose as needed and transported by the blood to the muscle to form

A

ATP

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8
Q

Fat provides substantial energy during prolonged, _____ ________ activity

A

Low intensity

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9
Q

Fat is stored as _______ and must be broken down to ______ to be used in metabolism

A

Triglycerides

Free fatty acids

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10
Q

More energy is derived from breaking down _____ compared to ______

A

Fat

Carbs

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11
Q

What can be used as a minor source of energy

A

Protein

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12
Q

Proteins can generate FFAs during starvation through what

A

Lipogenesis

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13
Q

Protein only supplies what percent of our energy during prolonged exercise

A

5-10%

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14
Q

Proteins must be broken down to their basic units—-________ to be used for energy

A

Amino acids

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15
Q

ATP is generated through what three energy systems

A

ATP-PCr system
Glycolytic system
Oxidative system

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16
Q

The release of ATP and PCr is facilitated by the enzyme _________

A

Creatine kinase

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17
Q

Does the ATP-PCr system require oxygen

A

No

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18
Q

ATP and PCr sustain the muscles energy needs for. How many seconds during an all out sprint

A

3-15

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19
Q

In the ATP-PCr system energy yields ___ moles of ATP per ___ mole of PCr

A

1

1

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20
Q

Does The Glycolytic system require oxygen

A

No

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21
Q

1 mole of glycogen produces ___ moles of ATP; 1 mole of glucose produces ___ moles of ATP

A

3

2

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22
Q

ATP-PCr and glycolysis provide the energy for how many minutes of all out activity

A

2

23
Q

The oxidative system uses ____ to generate energy

A

O2

24
Q

Oxidative production of ATP occurs in the what

A

Mitochondria

25
Q

The oxidative system produces much more energy production than the other systems. T or F

A

True

26
Q

Oxidative system is _____ to turn on

A

Slow

27
Q

What system is the primary method of energy production during endurance events

A

Oxidative system

28
Q

Which system includes the kreb cycle and ETC

A

Oxidative system

29
Q

In the presence of O2, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is converted to ________

A

AcetylCoa

30
Q

AcetylCoa enters ________ and forms ___ ATP, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen

A

Kreb cycle

2

31
Q

The ETC (electron transport chain) produces _____ ions which are recombined with oxygen to produce _____

A

Hydrogen

Water

32
Q

Electrons produced provide the energy for the conversion of _____ to _____

A

ADP

ATP

33
Q

One molecule of glycogen can generate up to ______ molecules of ATP

A

37-39

34
Q

What is the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids

A

Lipolysis

35
Q

Hormones are secreted directly into the blood and act as chemical signals to what kind of cells

A

Target cells

36
Q

What are the two types of hormones

A

Steroid and nonsteroid

37
Q

Steroid hormones are formed from what

A

Cholesterol

38
Q

Why kind of hormone diffuses easily across the cell membrane

A

Steroid hormone

39
Q

Cortisol , estrogen and testosterone are examples of what kind of hormone

A

Steroid hormone

40
Q

What kind of hormone is protein/ amino derived and is not soluble?

A

Nonsteroid hormone

41
Q

Thyroxine and epinephrine are examples of what kind of hormone

A

Nonsteroid hormone

42
Q

What is the breakdown of glucose

A

Glycolysis

43
Q

What is the process by which glycogen is synthesized from glucose to be stored in the liver or muscle

A

Glycogenesis

44
Q

What is the process by which glycogen is broken down into glucose 1 phosphate to be used for energy production

A

Glycogenolysis

45
Q

What is the making of glucose from a non CHO source

A

Gluconeogenesis

46
Q

Lipolysis is hormonal lay controlled during exercise by:
Decreased:?
Increased:?

A

Decreased: insulin
Increased: epinephrine
Cortisol
Growth hormone

47
Q

Fluid balance during exercise is critical for what three things

A

Optimal metabolic function
Cardiovascular function
Thermoregulatory function

48
Q

What system plays a major role in monitoring fluid levels and correcting imbalances

A

Endocrine system

49
Q

ADH releases from where?

A

Posterior pituitary

50
Q

ADH promotes _____ retention in the kidney in an effort to dilute plasma electrolyte concentration bak to normal

A

Water

51
Q

Aldosterone in produced in the ______ glands

A

Adrenal

52
Q

Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by what?

A

Plasma sodium
Blood volume
Blood pressure
Plasma potassium concentration

53
Q

Aldosterone promotes renal reabsorption of ______, causing the body to retain sodium

A

Sodium

54
Q

The kidneys strongly influence the maintenance of plasma volume and blood pressure regulation through the release of what

A

Renin

EXSC 310 (19 decks)

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