Chapter 7: 2.3 - Renal Lithiasis

Question 1

where can reanal calculi be formed? (5)

Answer 1

1. calyces
2. pelvis
3. kidney
4. ureters
5. bladder

Question 2

a procedure using high-energy shock waves, can be used to break stones located in the upper urinary tract into pieces that can then be passed in the urine.

Answer 2

Lithotripsy

Question 3

Conditions favoring the formation of renal cacluli are similar to those favoring the formation of..

Answer 3

urinary crystals,

including pH, chemical conc. and urinary stasis.

Question 4

more often affected with calcium stones (male/female)

Answer 4

male

Question 5

• 75% of the renal calculi

- assoc. w/ metabolic disorder and occasionally diet

Answer 5

calcium oxalate or phosphate

Question 6

Causes of formation:

Hyperparathyroidism, high urine calcium, vitamin D toxicity, sarcoidosis, osteoporosis

Answer 6

Causes of formation (Calcium Oxalate)

Question 7

Causes of formation:

Excess alkali consumption, infection with urease-producing organisms

Answer 7

Cause of calcium phosphate formation

Question 8

• frequently accompanied by urinary infections involving urea-splitting bacteria
• urine pH is often higher than 7.0

Answer 8

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

Question 9

other name for magnesium ammonium phosphate

Answer 9

stuvite

Question 10

Cause of formation:

infectious processes

Answer 10

magnesium ammonium phosphate (stuvite)

Question 11

• may be associated with increased intake of foods with high purine content;
• urine is acidic

Answer 11

Uric acid

Question 12

Cause of Formation:

gout, high levels of uric acid in blood and urine

Answer 12

Uric acid formation

Question 13

-seen in conjucntion with hereditary disorders of cystine metabolism

Answer 13

Cystine

Question 14

Laboratory finding of renal calculi

Answer 14

microscopic hematuria