Chapter 6: 2.3 - Casts

Question 1

• a glycoprotein excreted by the RTE cells of the DCT and upper collecting duct.

Answer 1

Tamm - Horsfall protein

Question 2

constituents of casts: (3)

Answer 2

Tamm-Horsfall protein
Albumin
Immunoglobulin

Question 3

Degenerative progression of casts:

Answer 3

hyaline > cellular > granular: coarse and fine > waxy

Question 4

Detection of casts:

average casts / lpfs

Answer 4

10 casts / lpfs

Question 5

Detection of casts:

Conditions

Answer 5

low-power objective
reduced light intensity = low refrative index
edges of coverslip = weight

Question 6

Gelling of Tamm-Horsfall proteing occurs more readily under what conditions? (3)

Answer 6

1. urine flow stasis
2. acidity
3. presence of abnormal ionic or protein costituents (sodium/ calcium)

Question 7

In what conditions does casts dissolve

Answer 7

alkaline urine

neutral urine with SG of =< 1.003

Question 8

Other name for Tamm-Horsfall protein

Answer 8

Uromodulin

Question 9

what do you call casts that are formed at the junction of the ascending loop of Henle and DCT

Answer 9

Cylindroid - tapered end

Question 10

What is the major constituent of casts?

Answer 10

Tamm-Horsfall proteins

Question 11

when is the production of Tamm-Horsfall protein increased

Answer 11

under stress and exercise (provides immunologic prtection from infection)

Question 12

where are casts produced? (2)

Answer 12

DCT and/ or Collecting duct