CHAPTER 7 Flashcards
Organic (carbon-containing) compounds that are essential in small amounts for body processes
Do not provide energy
Enable the body to use the energy provided by fats, carbohydrates, and proteins
Megadoses can be toxic?
VITAMIN
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
Water-soluble vitamins?
Vitamin C
Vitamin B complex which includes: thiamin (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12 (cobalamin), pantothenic acid, biotin
Vitamins A, D, E, K
Not lost easily in cooking
Lost when mineral oil is ingested
Excess amounts are stored in the liver.
Deficiencies are slow to appear?
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins are?
Chronic malabsorption diseases
Cystic fibrosis
Celiac disease
Crohn’s disease
Retinol: the active form of ?
Vitamin A
(softening of bones)?
Osteomalacia
brittle, porous bones
Osteoporosis
Prohormone: it is converted to a hormone in the body? D3 (cholecalciferol) is formed in humans from cholesterol in the skin?
Vitamin D
Tocopherols/Antioxidant
Prevention of hemolytic anemia among premature infants
Enhances immune system
Retards spoilage of commercial foods?
Vitamin E
Deficiency symptoms include loss of appetite, fatigue, nervous irritability, and constipation?
Vitamin B Complex: Thiamin/B1
Made up of several compounds essential to blood clotting?
VITAMIN K
Necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fats; tissue maintenance (especially the skin around the mouth); and healthy eyes?
Vitamin B Complex: Riboflavin/B2
Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine?
Vitamin B Complex: B6
Generic name for nicotinic acid and nicotinamide?
Vitamin B Complex: Niacin
Needed for DNA synthesis, protein metabolism, and formation of hemoglobin?
Vitamin B Complex: Folate
Cobalamin: contains mineral cobalt
Involved in folate metabolism, maintenance of the myelin sheath, and healthy red blood cells
To be absorbed, must bind with intrinsic factor in stomach.?
Vitamin B Complex: B12
Has antioxidant properties and protects food from oxidation
Role in formation of collagen and absorption of nonheme iron
Prevents scurvy
May be involved with formation or functioning of norepinephrine, some amino acids, folate, leukocytes, the immune system, and allergic reactions?
Vitamin C: Ascorbic Acid
Involved in metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
Essential for synthesis of acetylcholine, and steroid hormones?
Pantothenic Acid
Coenzyme in synthesis of fatty acids and amino acids
Sources include liver, egg yolk, soy flour, cereals, and yeast?
Biotin
