Chapter 19 Flashcards
Diet and Renal Disease
liters of urine is excreted per day?
1.5
urinary output less than 500 mL/day?
Oliguria
Kidneys produce the hormone ___ to stimulate the bone marrow to produce red blood cells?
erythropoietin
It Develops slowly, with the number of functioning nephrons diminishing?
Chronic Kidney Disease
a condition in which protein wastes are not excreted and are instead circulating in the blood?
Uremia
Inflammatory diseases of the kidneys
Caused by infection, degenerative processes, or vascular disease?
Nephritis
is an inflammation affecting the capillaries in the glomeruli?
Glomerulonephritis
Hardening of renal arteries
Caused by arteriosclerosis and hypertension
Usually occurs in older people; sometimes develops in young clients with diabetes?
Nephrosclerosis
Relatively rare, hereditary disease
Cysts form and press on the kidneys.
Kidneys enlarge and lose function.
Renal failure may develop near the age of 50?
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Stones develop in the kidneys.
Stones classified according to their composition.
Associated with metabolic disturbances and immobilization of the client?
Nephrolithiasis
Dietary Treatment of Renal Disease: Sufficient calories necessary: ___calories per kg of body weight?
25–50
Requires permanent access to the bloodstream through a fistula
Treatment is three times a week for 3–5 hours at a time?
Hemodialysis
Makes use of the peritoneal cavity.
Is less efficient than hemodialysis.
Treatments usually last about 10–12 hours a day, three times a week.
Complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) include peritonitis, hypotension, and weight gain.
CAPD.?
Peritoneal Dialysis
Type of kidney stones: A diet low in calcium can reduce the risk of ___.
Reduce level of oxalate, which is found in beets, wheat bran, chocolate, tea, rhubarb ,strawberries, and spinach?
Calcium Oxalate Stones
Diet during Dialysis: A client on hemodialysis requires ____ of protein per kg of body weight to make up for losses during dialysis?
1.0–1.2 g
Diet during Dialysis: A client on peritoneal dialysis requires ____protein per kg body weight?
1.2–1.5 g
Type of kidney stones:Purine-rich foods are restricted
Found in meats, fish, poultry, organ meats, anchovies, sardines, meat extracts, and broths
Usually associated with gout, gastrointestinal diseases that cause diarrhea, and malignant disease?
Uric Acid Stones
Type of kidney stones:Caused by excessive cystine concentration in the urine because of a hereditary metabolic disorder
Increased fluids and an alkaline-ash diet are recommended?
Cystine Stones
Type of kidney stones: Composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate
Develop following urinary tract infections caused by certain microorganisms
Low phosphorus diet is often prescribed?
Struvite Stones
