Chapter 12 (finals) Flashcards
Diet during infancy
Birth weight doubles by ___ and triples within the ___?
6 months of age; first year
During the first year the normal child needs about ___ per kilogram of body weight each day?
98–108 calories
Infants need ____ per calorie?
1.5 mL of water
A vitamin __ supplement is routinely given at birth?
K
Excess vitamin ___ can be toxic to infants?
A or D
Provides infant with temporary immunity to many infectious diseases.
It is economical, nutritionally perfect, and sterile; promotes oral motor development?
Breastfeeding
Breast should be offered every ___ in the first few weeks?
2 hours
Indications of adequate nutrition include: The infant has ___ wet diapers per day?
six or more
Indications of adequate nutrition include: The infant has normal __?
growth
Indications of adequate nutrition include: The infant has ___bowel movements per day?
1-2
Indications of adequate nutrition include: The breast becomes ___ during nursing?
less full
Synthetic formula made from ___ may be used for sensitive or allergic infants?
soybeans
Solid foods should not be introduced before ___of age and should be done gradually?
4 to 6 months
Honey should never be given to an infant because it could be contaminated with ______?
Clostridium botulinum bacteria
Indications for Readiness for Solid Foods: Disappearance of ____?
extrusion reflex
Metabolic disorders are:?
-Galactosemia.
-Phenylketonuria
-Maple syrup urine disease
An infant born before ___ gestation?
37 weeks
The ____ is not developed until 34 weeks’ gestation. Infants born earlier will require total parenteral nutrition, tube feedings, or bolus feedings?
sucking reflex
Characteristics of Prematurity: Small baby, often weighing less than _____?
2,500 grams
An inherited disease in which the body secretes abnormally thick mucus?
Cystic Fibrosis
Recommended fat from diet should be?
35-40%
The ____ are the most crucial for brain development?
First 6months
Determined by plotting the infant’s growth on standardized charts
May be caused by watering down formula congenital abnormalities, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), lack of bonding, child abuse, or neglect?
Failure to Thrive
A condition in which there is a lack of the liver enzyme transferase.
Transferase normally converts galactose to glucose.
The amount of galactose in the blood becomes toxic.
Results in diarrhea, vomiting, edema, and abnormal liver function?
Galactosemia
Phenylalanine
Infants lack the liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is necessary for the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.
Infants are normal at birth, but if untreated become hyperactive, suffer seizures, and become mentally retarded between 6 and 18 months old?
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Congenital defect resulting in the inability to metabolize three amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine.
Named for the odor of clients’ urine?
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD)
