CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
Chemical substances necessary for life?
Functions
Provide energy
Build and repair tissue
Regulate body processes: circulation, respiration, digestion, and elimination
NUTRIENTS
What are the 6 classes of nutrients?
Carbohydrates
Fats (lipids)
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
those found only in foods?
Essential Nutrients
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins?
ORGANIC NUTRIENTS
Must be broken down before use
Contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Function: provide energy, regulate body processes, and repair tissues?
ORGANIC NUTRIENTS
Water and Minerals?
INORGANIC NUTRIENTS
Provide major source of energy
Examples: cereal grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and sugars?
CARBOHYDRATES
In simplest form when ingested
Function: regulate body processes?
INORGANIC NUTRIENTS
Provide energy
Highest kilocalorie value
Sources: meats, milk, cream, butter, cheese, egg yolks, oils, nuts?
FATS (LIPIDS)
Build and repair body tissues
Provide energy
Only one of the six nutrients that contain nitrogen
Sources: meats, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, cheese, corn, grains, nuts, and seeds?
PROTEINS
Inorganic compounds
Regulate body processes
Examples: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, iron, magnesium, and zinc?
MINERALS
Organic compounds
Regulate body processes
Examples: vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K?
VITAMINS
Major constituent of all living cells
Composed of hydrogen and oxygen?
WATER
Excess energy or nutrient intake?
OVERNUTRITION
Nutrient Deficiency: inadequate dietary intake?
PRIMARY
Deficient energy or nutrient intake?
UNDERNUTRITION
Cumulative Effects of Nutrition: atherosclerosis- obesity, hypertension, diabetes, gallbladder disease, some cancers?
EXCESS
Cumulative Effects of Nutrition: iron deficiency, beriberi, scurvy osteomalacia osteoporosis, rickets goiter?
DEFICIENCY
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks:
Beriberi
THIAMIN
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks:
Iron-deficiency anemia
IRON
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks:
Night blindness
VITAMIN A
Nutrient Deficiency: due to causes other than dietary intake?
SECONDARY
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks:
KWASHIORKOR
PROTEIN
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks:
GOITER
IODINE
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks: Marasmus
ALL NUTRIENTS
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks:
OSTEOMALACIA
CALCIUM, VIT D, PHOSPHORUS, MAGNESIUM, AND FLOURIDE
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks:
OSTEOPEROSIS
CALCIUM AND VIT D
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks:
PELLAGRA
NIACIN
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks:
RICKETS
CALCIUM AND VITAMIN D
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks:
SCURVY
VITAMIN C
Deficiency Diseases give the nutrients it lacks:
XEROPHTHALMIA
VITAMIN A
What are the 4 nutritional assessment?
- Anthropometric measurements
- Clinical examination
- Biochemical tests
- Dietary and social history
NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT: Pallor, blue half circles beneath eyes
Edema
Bumpy “gooseflesh
Lesions at corner of mouth. Possible deficiencies
Iron, copper, zinc, B12, B6, biotin
Protein
Vitamin A
Riboflavin
Clinical Examination
NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT:
Height
Weight
Head, chest, and abdominal circumference (children)
Upper arm measurement
Skinfold
Anthropometric Measurements
NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT: Serum albumin level
and Serum transferrin level?
BIOCHEMICAL TESTS
It Measures main protein in blood and
Determines protein status?
SERUM ALBUMIN LEVEL
Indicates iron-carrying protein in blood
INCREASE indicates iron stores low
DECREASE indicates body lacks protein?
SERUM TRANSFERRIN LEVEL
client interviewed by the dietitian and asked to give types, amounts, and preparation of all foods eaten in past 24 hours?
24-HOUR RECALL
written record of all food and drink ingested in a specified period?
FOOD DIARY
Indicates amount of creatinine excreted in urine over a 24-hour period
Used in estimating body muscle mass
Muscle mass depleted, as in malnutrition; level will be low?
CREATININE EXCRETION
to determine nutrient deficiencies or toxicities?
COMPUTER DIET ANALYSIS
Consideration of financial resources to obtain needed food, and to properly store and cook food?
SOCIAL HISTORY