CHAPTER 11(Finals) Flashcards
Diet during pregnancy
Weight gain during pregnancy: Average weight gain for normal weight women?
25-35 pounds
Weight gain during pregnancy: underweight women should gain?
28-40 pounds
Weight gain during pregnancy: how many weight should a pregnant women should gain in first trimester?
2-4 pound weight gain.
Weight gain during pregnancy: how many weight should a pregnant women should gain in second and third trimester?
1 pound/ week
How many additional calories needed during the second and third trimesters?
300 calories
What supplementation prior to conception decreases risk of brain and spinal cord defects?
Folic Acid
Excess vitamin A in a pregnant women can cause?
birth defects
What is the protein requirement for pregnant women over age 25?
increased by 20%; 25% for pregnant adolescent
How many vitamin
D requirement for pregnant women?
10 microgram
Concerns during pregnancy: “Morning sickness” occurs most commonly in first trimester.
Nausea
How many vitamin
E requirement for pregnant women?
5 microgram
How many vitamin
K requirement for pregnant women?
75-90 microgram depending upon age
Concerns during pregnancy: Occurs when the nausea becomes so severe that it is life-threatening?
HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDUM
Concerns during pregnancy: Caused by relaxed gastrointestinal tract due to progesterone?
CONSTIPATION
Concerns during pregnancy: Caused by pressure on the stomach by the growing fetus and relaxation of the cardiac sphincter?
HEARTBURN
Formerly called pre-eclampsia or toxemia. Characterized by high blood pressure, presence of protein in the urine, and edema in third trimester. May progress into the eclamptic stage with convulsions, coma, and possible death of the mother and infant?
PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION
Most common from of anemia?
IRON- DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
It is the craving for nonfood substances such as starch, clay (soil), or ice?
PICA
It is a a condition caused by an insufficiency of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or blood volume. Causes weakness, fatigue, poor appetite, and pallor?
ANEMIA
Folate deficiency may lead to?
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
It is characterized by a growth deficiency, central nervous system dysfunction, microcephaly (small head), and other physical characteristics. It causes fewer physical defects, but many behavioral and psychosocial problems?
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME
Caffeine intake should be limited to?
less than 300 mg/day
It is associated with low birth weights, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), fetal death, spontaneous abortions, and complications at birth?
TOBACCO SMOKING
It is the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant?
LACTATION
Drugs derived from ____ can cause fetal malformations and spontaneous abortions?
Vitamin A
Nutrient Requirements during Lactation: The Food and Nutrition Board suggests an increase of ?
500 calories a day
What is the complications of overweight pregnant women?
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
What is the normal weight of a newborn baby?
2.5 -3.5 kg; 2500 - 3500 g
If the newborn baby’s weight is more than 2.5- 3.5 kg, what is it called?
Fetal Macrosomia; macrosomic baby
____of the mother is related to both mental and physical birth defects?
Inadequate nutrition
Human milk is introduced to baby from birth until____?
6 months-2 years old
Human milk contains at least ___ ingredients not found in formula?
100
What are the benefits of breastfeeding for the infants?
-Lower incidence of ear infections
-diarrhea
-allergies
-hospital admission
-antibodies from breastmilk
-good jaw development
-decreases the risk of obesity
-Facilitates bonding
Nutrient requirements during lactation: the food and nutrition board suggests an increase of ___ calories a day?
500 calories a day
