Chapter 7

Question 1

prototype

Answer 1

most typical instance of a particular concept (basic)

Question 2

exemplars

Answer 2

individual instances of a concept , held in memory

Question 3

algorithm

Answer 3

a specific procedure for solving a type of problem (correct)

Question 4

heuristics

Answer 4

rules of thumb that help us simplify and solve problems (not always correct, just fast)

Question 5

means-end analysis

Answer 5

heuristic device in which we try and solve a problem by evaluating the difference between the current situation and the goal

Question 6

representativeness heuristic

Answer 6

Judge probability of an event based on how it matches a prototype

Question 7

availability heuristic

Answer 7

Judge probability of an event by how easily you can recall previous occurrences of that event

Question 8

anchoring and adjustment heuristic

Answer 8

good deal of inertia in our judgements

Question 9

framing

Answer 9

decisions are being influenced by the way a question is posed
ex: we are more likely to be conservative when weighing 2 potential gains, and more likely to take risks when weighing 2 potential loses

Question 10

semanticity

Answer 10

words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas

Question 11

infinite creativity

Answer 11

combine words into original sentences

Question 12

displacement

Answer 12

communicate information about objects and events in another place and time

Question 13

linguistic relativity hypothesis

Answer 13

the proposition that the language we use determines how we think and perceive the world
AKA Whorfian hypothesis (because developed by Whorf)

Question 14

holophrase

Answer 14

single word used to express complex meanings

Question 15

over regularization

Answer 15

use of regular grammatical rules for forming past tense plurals to irregular verbs and nouns

Question 16

psycholinguistic theory

Answer 16

language learning involves interaction between environment and natural tendency to acquire language

Question 17

language acquisition device

Answer 17

Chomsky’s concept of an innate, prewired mechanism in the brain that allows children to acquire language naturally.

Question 18

primary mental abilities

Answer 18

Seven basic mental abilities that Thurstone believed constitute intelligence.

Question 19

multiple intelligences

Answer 19

Gardner’s term for the distinct types of intelligence that characterize different forms of intelligent behavior.

Question 20

triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 20

Sternberg’s theory of intelligence that posits three aspects of intelligence: analytic, creative, and practical.

Question 21

Divergent thinking

Answer 21

The ability to conceive of new ways of viewing situations and new uses for familiar objects.

Question 22

convergent thinking

Answer 22

The attempt to narrow down a range of alternatives to converge on the one correct answer to a problem.

Question 23

mental age

Answer 23

A representation of a person’s intelligence based on the age of people who are capable of performing at the same level of ability.