Chapter 10 Flashcards
Psychodynamic theories
unconscious patterns of behavior/ Behavior product of internal psychological forces that often operate outside our conscious awareness (nail biting)
id
Consists of all unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression
ego
Mediates between environmental demands(reality),conscience(superego) and instinctual needs (id)
superego
Social and parental standards the individual has internalized
5 psychosexual stages are
- Oral stage (0-18 months)
2.Anal stage (18 months-3) - Phallic stage (3-6)
- Latency period (6- puberty)
- Genital stage (Puberty)
Oedipus complex
you wishes to possess his mother sexually and perceives his father as a rival in love
electra complex
girl longs for her fatherland resents her mother
latency
phase of psychosexual development determined by repression of sexual impulses
genital stage
mature stage, preferred expression of libido through intercourse with an adult of the other gender
Trait Theories
Attempts to learn what traits make up personality and how they relate to actual behavior
Hippocrates theory
believed that traits were embedded in bodily fluids (four humors)
introversion
comfortable focusing on their inner thoughts and ideas
extraversion
socially outgoing and to express feelings and impulses freely
The Big Five Theory
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Cognitive-Social Learning Theories
Views behavior as the product of the interaction of
1. Cognition
2. Learning and past experience
3. Immediate environment
behaviorism
personality is plastic, environmental influences, not internal, are shapers of personality
gender typing
process males and females come to display behavior patterns consistent with stereotypical gender roles
existentialism
people are completely free and responsible for their own behavior
individualism
person who defines in terms of personal traits and gives priority to their goals
collectivism
person who defines in terms of relationships to other people and gives priority to group goals
acculturation
native groups identify with dominate culture by learning and making behavioral changes
Objective Tests
Tests that assess personality that is scored in a standard way
Con: Familiarity with the test format may affect responses.
Projective Tests
Tests that consist of simple ambiguous or unstructured material
validity
testing that measures what it is supposed to measure
reliability
constancy of test scores from one testing to another
Rorschach
ink blob test
