Chapter 10

Question 1

Psychodynamic theories

Answer 1

unconscious patterns of behavior/ Behavior product of internal psychological forces that often operate outside our conscious awareness (nail biting)

Question 2

id

Answer 2

Consists of all unconscious urges and desires that continually seek expression

Question 3

ego

Answer 3

Mediates between environmental demands(reality),conscience(superego) and instinctual needs (id)

Question 4

superego

Answer 4

Social and parental standards the individual has internalized

Question 5

5 psychosexual stages are

Answer 5

1. Oral stage (0-18 months)
   2.Anal stage (18 months-3)
2. Phallic stage (3-6)
3. Latency period (6- puberty)
4. Genital stage (Puberty)

Question 5

Oedipus complex

Answer 5

you wishes to possess his mother sexually and perceives his father as a rival in love

Question 6

electra complex

Answer 6

girl longs for her fatherland resents her mother

Question 7

latency

Answer 7

phase of psychosexual development determined by repression of sexual impulses

Question 8

genital stage

Answer 8

mature stage, preferred expression of libido through intercourse with an adult of the other gender

Question 9

Trait Theories

Answer 9

Attempts to learn what traits make up personality and how they relate to actual behavior

Question 10

Hippocrates theory

Answer 10

believed that traits were embedded in bodily fluids (four humors)

Question 11

introversion

Answer 11

comfortable focusing on their inner thoughts and ideas

Question 12

extraversion

Answer 12

socially outgoing and to express feelings and impulses freely

Question 13

The Big Five Theory

Answer 13

Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 14

Cognitive-Social Learning Theories

Answer 14

Views behavior as the product of the interaction of
1. Cognition
2. Learning and past experience
3. Immediate environment

Question 15

behaviorism

Answer 15

personality is plastic, environmental influences, not internal, are shapers of personality

Question 16

gender typing

Answer 16

process males and females come to display behavior patterns consistent with stereotypical gender roles

Question 17

existentialism

Answer 17

people are completely free and responsible for their own behavior

Question 18

individualism

Answer 18

person who defines in terms of personal traits and gives priority to their goals

Question 19

collectivism

Answer 19

person who defines in terms of relationships to other people and gives priority to group goals

Question 20

acculturation

Answer 20

native groups identify with dominate culture by learning and making behavioral changes

Question 21

Objective Tests

Answer 21

Tests that assess personality that is scored in a standard way
Con: Familiarity with the test format may affect responses.

Question 22

Projective Tests

Answer 22

Tests that consist of simple ambiguous or unstructured material

Question 23

validity

Answer 23

testing that measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 24

reliability

Answer 24

constancy of test scores from one testing to another

Question 25

Rorschach

Answer 25

ink blob test