Chapter 13

Question 1

Psychodynamic Therapies

Answer 1

-based on Freud’s theories of psychological development

-traditional therapy called psychoanalysis focuses on traumatic childhood experiences and wish fulfillment

Question 2

humanistic therapies

Answer 2

-based on humanistic-existential theories, which state that we are all inherently good inside, but that we can choose to be good or bad (free choice, free will)

Question 3

Behavioral Therapies

Answer 3

-based on learning/behavioral theories
-focus on behaviors, there associations, and their consequences

Question 4

Cognitive Therapies

Answer 4

-focus on thoughts and thinking patterns that lead one to feel distress/anxiety or interferes with one’s daily functioning

Question 5

Group Therapies

Answer 5

-psychotherapy with several individuals at once
-group members share the same/similar problem
-groups are not for everyone

Question 6

Psychoanalysis

Answer 6

often involves:
1. catharsis

2. free association
3. transference

Question 7

catharsis

Answer 7

a release of emotional tension

Question 8

free association

Answer 8

allowing all thoughts to come to mind and be expressed verbally during therapy; clients who do not allow themselves to freely associate are said to be experiencing resistance

Question 9

Transference

Answer 9

exploring how a client “projects” onto the therapist

Question 10

Client centered therapy

Answer 10

1. unconditional positive regard
2. empathic understanding
3. genuineness
   to get client to express feelings

Question 11

Gestalt Therapy

Answer 11

-based on the belief that people hide parts of themselves that are not acceptable in society, their families, religion, communities, etc.
-a person is then fractured or broken up
-focus is to guide clients to become a “whole” person
-involves:
1. games
2. body language

Question 12

fear reduction techniques

Answer 12

1. systematic desensitization
2. modeling

Question 13

aversive conditioning

Answer 13

based on classical conditioning principles; involves the pairing an undesired response with a stimulus that is offensive to the senses
UCS: rotten smell
CS: cigarettes
UCR: avoid rotten smell
CR: avoid smoking

Question 14

successive approximations

Answer 14

reinforcement of each small step taken towards the desired behavior; based on shaping

Question 15

rational emotive behavior

Answer 15

Albert Ellis’s form of therapy that encourages clients to challenge and correct behaviors

Question 16

cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 16

challenges negative patterns of thought

Question 17

Biological Therapies

Answer 17

-based on biological theories of psychological development
-often involves drug treatment
A. Medication:
B. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT):
C. Psychosurgery:

Question 18

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 18

electric currents or shocks are passed through parts of the brain