Chapter 2

Question 1

Structure and Function of a Neuron

Answer 1

Neuron
Glial Cells
Dendrites
Axon
Myelin

Question 2

Afferent Neurons

Answer 2

transmits messages from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain (sensory neurons)

Question 3

Efferent Neurons

Answer 3

transmit messages from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands (motor neurons)

Question 4

Neural Impulses

Answer 4

the electrochemical discharge of a nerve cell or neuron

Question 5

Neurotransmitters

Answer 5

chemical substance involved in the transmission of a neural impulses from one neuron to another

Question 6

Central Nervous System

Answer 6

the brain and the spinal cord

Question 7

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 7

consists of the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

Question 8

Imaging the Brain

Answer 8

CAT or CT scan, PET scan, MRI and fMRI

Question 9

Brain Stem

Answer 9

Medulla: in regulation of heartbeat, blood pressure , movement, and respiration
Pons: respiration, attention, and sleep and arousal
Cerebellum: muscle coordination and balance
Reticular Formation: attention, sleep, and arousal
Thalamus: center or the brain, relay of sensory information to the cortex and in the functions of sleep and attention
Hypothalamus: bundle of nuclei below thalamus, body temperature, motivation, and emotion

Question 10

Limbic System

Answer 10

involved in memory, motivation, and emotion
Amygdala: facilitates stereotypical aggressive responses

Question 11

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 11

wrinkled grey area of the cerebrum (forebrain)higher level processes, memory, reasoning, thought, learning

Question 12

Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 12

sensory stimulation is projected

Question 13

Motor Cortex

Answer 13

in the frontal lobe, neural impulses linked to muscular responses throughout the body

Question 14

Aphasia

Answer 14

disruption in the ability to understand or produce language

Question 15

Endocrine System

Answer 15

body system of ductless glands that secrete hormones and release them directly into the bloodstream

Question 16

Hormones

Answer 16

substance in the endocrine gland that regulates various body functions

Question 17

Pituitary Gland

Answer 17

regulates bodily functions through the hormones that it produces, including: Growth and sexual/reproductive development and function.

Question 18

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 18

studies the way adaptation and natural selection are connected with mental processes and behavior

Question 19

Monozygotic Twins

Answer 19

develop from single fertilized ovum that divides into two early in prenatal development, twins share same genetic code (identical)

Question 20

Dizygotic Twins

Answer 20

develop from two fertilized ova and who are closely related as brothers or sisters in general (fraternal twins)

Question 21

Neuron

Answer 21

cell of the nervous system that receives and transmits messages

Question 22

Glial Cells

Answer 22

cells that remove dead neurons from nervous system, play a role in neural transmission of messages

Question 23

Dendrites

Answer 23

root structures attached to the cell body of neuron, that receives impulses or incoming messages from other neurons

Question 24

Axon

Answer 24

long thin part of a neuron that transmits impulses to other neurons from bulb-shaped structures

Question 25

Myelin

Answer 25

fatty substance that encases an insulates axons