Chapter 6.6 - Environmental Consideration and Survival Flashcards
Name three distinctive variables of sounds?
- Frequency.
- Intensity.
- Duration.
What is the measurement of Frequency?
Hertz (Hz).
Frequency is also known as what?
Pitch.
What is the Frequency range that humans can hear?
20 to 20,000 Hz.
What is the measurement of Sound Intensity?
Decibels (dB).
What is the Intensity range in Decibels associated with Aviation?
20 to 160 dB.
If a Pilot can’t hear ‘x’ amount of Decibels, they may already be experiencing hearing loss. What is ‘x’?
25 dB.
The potential for causing hearing damage is determined by what of a sound (2)?
- Duration.
- Intensity.
What is the Intensity range in a small Single-Engine Aircraft Cockpit?
70 to 90 dB.
Name two types of categorised noises?
- Steady Noise.
- Impulse/Blast Noise.
What and how long is Steady Noise (2)?
- Continuous noise of sudden or gradual onset.
- Lasts for more than 1 second.
What and how long is Impulse/Blast Noise (2)?
- Noise pulses of sudden onset that exceeds the intensity of 140 dB.
- Less than 1 second.
Name an example of a Steady Noise with regards to an Aircraft?
Propeller/Engine.
The maximum permissible continuous exposure level to Steady Noise in a working environment is usually quoted as ‘x’ dB for a maximum of ‘x’ hours?
- 90 dB.
- 8 hours.
True or False. Impulse/Blast Noise can rupture a person’s eardrum?
True.
When can Ear Discomfort be experienced?
Exposure of 120 dB Steady Noise.
When can Ear Pain be experienced?
130 dB Steady Noise.
When can Eardrum Rupture be experienced?
140 dB Impulse/Blast Noise.
When can Temporary Hearing Impairment be experienced?
90 dB Steady Noise for less than 8 hours.
When can Permanent Hearing Impairment be experienced?
90 dB Steady Noise for 8 or more hours per day.
True or False. Some noise can be an advantage in maintaining adequate arousal levels?
True.
Name three psychological effects due to noise exposure?
- Subjective Effects.
- Speech Interference.
- Performance.
Hearing Protection Equipment are effective at reducing high-frequency noise levels above how many Hertz?
1,000 Hz.
Name four Hearing Protection Devices?
- Earplugs.
- Earmuffs/Communication Headsets.
- Active Noise Reduction Headsets.
- Combination of Protective Devices.
Name one disadvantage of using too much Noise Reduction Devices?
Less likely to intercept any Engine problems.
Describe the properties of Carbon Monoxide (3)?
- Colourless.
- Odourless.
- Tasteless.
Where can Carbon Monoxide be found (3)?
- Combustion Engine.
- Cigarette Smoke.
- Fumes from a Fire.
For Pilots, Carbon Monoxide Poisoning is associated with what?
Malfunctions to the Aircraft’s Exhaust/Heating System.
If Exhaust Fumes are detected/suspected, what three things should a Pilot do?
- Switch OFF Cabin Heater.
- Open all Windows and Vents.
- Land as soon as possible.
True or False. The body is affected by Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in the same way as it is by Hypoxia?
True.
What is the one major difference between Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Hypoxia?
Increase supply of Oxygen removes the symptoms and effects of Hypoxia.
What is the first stage of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning symptoms?
Feeling of unease with the inability to think clearly and dizziness.
What is the second stage of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning symptoms?
Headaches become more severe and vision becomes impaired.
What is the last stage of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning symptoms?
Incapacitation, loss of consciousness and death.
How many g-force is experienced during Straight and Level Flight?
1g.
How many g-force is experienced during a 60° turn?
2g.
What manoeuvre gives positive g (2)?
- Turning Flight.
- Pull-up.
What manoeuvre gives negative g (2)?
- Push-down.
- Entry to a Dive.
(Positive/Negative) g is felt as a decrease in weight?
Negative.
(Positive/Negative) g is felt as an increase in weight?
Positive.
True or False. Poor Cockpit design can be a significant fatigue?
True.
Name five components of a typical shoulder harness/safety belt?
- Webbing.
- Adjustment Hardware.
- Attachment End Fittings.
- Buckle.
- Webbing Retractors.
What’s the name of the automatic devices found in the Webbing Retractors?
Inertia Reels.
Name four priorities of survival according to ERSA?
- Protection.
- Location.
- Water.
- Food.
