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PPL Course - (4) Performance and Planning > Chapter 1.1 - Aerodynamics Review > Flashcards

Chapter 1.1 - Aerodynamics Review Flashcards

1
Q

Name four types of Aerofoil?

A
  • Wings.
  • Horizontal Stabilisers.
  • Vertical Stabilisers.
  • Propeller Blade.
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2
Q

Define Chord Line?

A

Imaginary straight line from the leading to trailing edge of a wing.

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3
Q

Define Wingspan?

A

Distance from wingtip to wingtip.

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4
Q

Name another word to describe the curvature of a wing?

A

Camber.

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5
Q

An Aerofoil with zero Camber is said to be what?

A

Symmetrical.

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6
Q

The Relative Airflow acts in what direction of the Flight Path?

A

Opposite.

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7
Q

Define Angle of Attack?

A

The angle between Relative Airflow and Chord Line.

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8
Q

Relative Airflow and Angle of Attack are related to what?

A

Flight Path.

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9
Q

Lift acts in what direction to the Relative Airflow?

A

Perpendicular.

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10
Q

Drag acts in what direction to the Relative Airflow?

A

Same Direction/Parallel.

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11
Q

Name two types of Wing Drag?

A
  • Induced.

- Parasite.

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12
Q

How is Induced Drag formed?

A

Through the production of Lift.

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13
Q

Name two types of Parasite Drag?

A
  • Form Drag.

- Skin Friction.

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14
Q

Name the point on the Chord Line where Total Reaction acts through?

A

Centre of Pressure.

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15
Q

As Angle of Attack is increased, in which direction does the Centre of Pressure move?

A

Forward.

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16
Q

The maximum lift/drag ratio is at an Angle of Attack of how many degrees?

A

4°.

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17
Q

What is the Stalling Angle?

A

16°.

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18
Q

True or False. The Aerofoil Shape has a major effect in the generation of Lift?

A

True.

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19
Q

The (greater/lower) the Camber, the more lift is produced?

A

Greater.

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20
Q

Name a control surface which a Pilot can use to increase the Camber of a wing?

A

Flaps.

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21
Q

Define Thickness of an Aerofoil?

A

The greatest distance between the upper and lower surfaces of an Aerofoil.

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22
Q

The Angle of Attack for maximum Lift is called what?

A

Stalling Angle.

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23
Q

Define Angle of Incidence?

A

Angle between Chord Line and the Longitudinal Axis.

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24
Q

What’s the main difference between Angle of Incidence and Angle of Attack?

A

Angle of Attack can be altered by the Pilot. Angle of Incidence is fixed by design of the Aircraft.

25
Q

The value of Dynamic Pressure depends on what two factors?

A
  • Speed of Air-Flow.

- Density of the Air.

26
Q

True or False. Lift also depends on Airspeed and Density?

A

True.

27
Q

For Lift to remain constant, if Angle of Attack is increased, what must happen to the Airspeed?

A

Decreased.

28
Q

For Lift to remain constant, at low IAS, what must happen to the Angle of Attack?

A

Increased.

29
Q

What is the Plan Area of a Wing?

A

Wingspan x Chord.

30
Q

Name five factors which affect Lift Production?

A
  • Aerofoil/Wing Shape.
  • Wing Area.
  • Air Density.
  • Airspeed.
  • Angle of Attack.
31
Q

What is Total Drag?

A

Sum of Induced and Parasite Drag.

32
Q

How is Induced Drag created?

A

From Wingtip Vortices through the production of Lift.

33
Q

True or False. Induced Drag is produced by the Aircraft (2)?

A

False. Only the Wings when Lift is being generated.

34
Q

What configuration is an Aircraft in to produce High Induced Drag?

A

High Angles of Attack and Low Airspeeds.

35
Q

True or False. The closer to the Stalling Angle, the higher the Induced Drag?

A

True.

36
Q

Define Aspect Ratio?

A

Ratio of the Wing Span and Wing Chord.

37
Q

The amount of Skin Friction depends on what factors (4)?

A
  • Total Surface Area of the Aircraft.
  • Boundary Layer.
  • Airspeed.
  • Density.
38
Q

What determines the size of wake being created behind an Aircraft?

A

Degree of Streamlining.

39
Q

How can Interference Drag be reduced (3)?

A
  • Wing Fairings.
  • Wing Fillets.
  • Streamlining.
40
Q

Parasite Drag (increases/decreases) with increased IAS?

A

Increases.

41
Q

Induced Drag (increases/decreases) with increased IAS?

A

Decreases.

42
Q

At (low/high) angles of attack, Induced Drag is highest?

A

High.

43
Q

At (low/high) angles of attack, Parasite Drag is highest?

A

Low.

44
Q

True or False. The Minimum Drag Speed is also the speed for Maximum Lift/Drag ratio?

A

True.

45
Q

True of False. The Maximum Lift/Drag ratio is the same speed for Best Glider Performance?

A

True.

46
Q

True or False. The speed for Maximum Lift/Drag ratio is the same as Normal Cruise.

A

False. It’s less.

47
Q

Name three symptoms of an approaching Stall?

A
  • Control Buffet/Shaking.
  • Sloppy Control Response.
  • Stall Warning Devices.
48
Q

The Stall Speed depends on what two factors?

A
  • Load Factor.

- Gross Weight.

49
Q

What percentage is used to identify the new Stall Speed at a bank angle of 30°?

A

+10%.

50
Q

What percentage is used to identify the new Stall Speed at a bank angle of 45°?

A

+20%.

51
Q

What percentage is used to identify the new Stall Speed at a bank angle of 60°?

A

+40%.

52
Q

Name three factors that increase the Stall Speed?

A
  • Turbulence.
  • Load Factor.
  • Frost and Ice.
53
Q

Name two factors that decrease the Stall Speed?

A
  • Increase in Engine Power (RPM).

- Flaps are lowered.

54
Q

How is a Spin caused?

A

By an asymmetric Stall (one wing stalls before the other).

55
Q

The Airspeed in a Spin is what?

A

Low and Constant.

56
Q

How is a Spiral Dive caused?

A

The wings remain unstalled, but the Airspeed, Rate of Turn and Descent increases,

57
Q

The Airspeed in a Spiral Dive is what?

A

High and Increasing.

58
Q

How does a Pilot recover from a Spiral Dive (3)?

A
  • Reduce Acceleration by closing the Throttle.
  • Stop the Roll with Ailerons.
  • Pull out of Drive.

PPL Course - (4) Performance and Planning (31 decks)

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