Chapter 6.4 - Spatial Disorientation and Sensory Illusions Flashcards

1
Q

Name two balance mechanisms in the inner ear?

A
  • Semi-circular Canals.

- Otoliths.

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2
Q

What type of acceleration does the Semi-circular Canals sense?

A

Angular.

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3
Q

What type of acceleration does the Otoliths sense?

A

Linear.

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4
Q

Define Spatial Orientation?

A

The natural ability to determine our true body position, motion and attitude.

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5
Q

Name three systems where we sense our attitude on the ground?

A
  • Visual System.
  • Proprioceptive System.
  • Vestibular System.
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6
Q

Define Spatial Disorientation?

A

When a Pilot fails to sense the Aircraft’s motion, position or attitude relative to the horizon.

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7
Q

Name three types of Spatial Disorientation?

A
  • Unrecognised.
  • Recognised.
  • Incapacitating.
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8
Q

Define Unrecognised Spatial Disorientation?

A

When a Pilot fails to perceive a change from the desired Spatial Orientation.

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9
Q

Define Recognised Spatial Disorientation?

A

When a Pilot realises there is a conflict between Flight Instruments and their body senses.

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10
Q

Define Incapacitating Spatial Disorientation?

A

When the physical symptoms are severe enough to incapacitate the Pilot.

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11
Q

What type of acceleration is sensed by Somatogyral Illusions?

A

Angular.

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12
Q

Name the four Somatogyral Illusions?

A
  • Opposite-turning Illusion.
  • The Leans.
  • The Graveyard Spin/Spiral.
  • Coriolis Illusion.
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13
Q

What type of acceleration is sensed by Somatogravic Illusions?

A

Linear.

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14
Q

Name three Samatogravic Illusions?

A
  • Pitch-up Illusion.
  • Pitch-down Illusion.
  • Inverted Illusion.
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15
Q

Upsloping Runway: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?

A
  • High.
  • Shallower.
  • Undershoot.
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16
Q

Upsloping Terrain: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?

A
  • High.
  • Shallower.
  • Undershoot.
17
Q

Narrow/Longer Runway: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?

A
  • High.
  • Shallower.
  • Undershoot.
18
Q

If the illusion on a Narrow/Longer Runway isn’t corrected, there is a tendency for what before Landing?

A

Flare the Aircraft too late.

19
Q

Night ‘Black Hole’ Approach: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Above/Below) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?

A
  • High.
  • Shallower.
  • Undershoot.
20
Q

Day ‘Featureless Terrain Approach: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Above/Below) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?

A
  • High.
  • Below.
  • Undershoot.
21
Q

True or False. Rain-affected Approach can cause an illusion of being too high?

A

True.

22
Q

True or False. Dark and/or Reduced Visibility Approach can cause an illusion of being too high?

A

True.

23
Q

Downsloping Runway: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?

A
  • Low.
  • Steeper.
  • Overshoot.
24
Q

Downsloping Terrain: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?

A
  • Low.
  • Steeper.
  • Overshoot.
25
Q

Wider/Shorter Runway: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?

A
  • Low.
  • Steeper.
  • Overshoot.
26
Q

If the illusion on a Wider/Shorter Runway isn’t corrected, there is a tendency for what before Landing?

A

Flare the Aircraft too early.

27
Q

At night, if the Runway/Approach light are on high intensity, Pilots may perceive the threshold to be (Further/Closer) than it really is?

A

Closer.

28
Q

True or False. Rain at night can amplify the illusion of that a Pilot may perceive the threshold to be closer than it really is?

A

True.

29
Q

Extremely bright conditions and clear air may perceive a Pilot in thinking the threshold is (Further/Closer) than it really is?

A

Closer.

30
Q

At night, if the Runway/Approach light are on low intensity, Pilots may perceive the threshold to be (Further/Closer) than it really is?

A

Further.

31
Q

True or False. Rain during the day can amplify the illusion of that a Pilot may perceive the threshold to be further than it really is?

A

True.

32
Q

A wet Runway reflects very little light which can affect distance perception and cause the Pilot to incorrectly assess that the Aircraft is (Further/Closer) to the Runway that it actually is?

A

Further.

33
Q

True or False. Flying in Haze creates the impression that the Aircraft is further away from the Runway than it actually is?

A

True.

34
Q

In the absence of other visual clues, if a Pilot fixes his or her stare for some time on a pinpoint of light in a dark sky, the illusion is that either he/she or the light is moving. This illusion is called (flicker vertigo/autokinesis)?

A

Autokinesis.