Chapter 6.4 - Spatial Disorientation and Sensory Illusions Flashcards
Name two balance mechanisms in the inner ear?
- Semi-circular Canals.
- Otoliths.
What type of acceleration does the Semi-circular Canals sense?
Angular.
What type of acceleration does the Otoliths sense?
Linear.
Define Spatial Orientation?
The natural ability to determine our true body position, motion and attitude.
Name three systems where we sense our attitude on the ground?
- Visual System.
- Proprioceptive System.
- Vestibular System.
Define Spatial Disorientation?
When a Pilot fails to sense the Aircraft’s motion, position or attitude relative to the horizon.
Name three types of Spatial Disorientation?
- Unrecognised.
- Recognised.
- Incapacitating.
Define Unrecognised Spatial Disorientation?
When a Pilot fails to perceive a change from the desired Spatial Orientation.
Define Recognised Spatial Disorientation?
When a Pilot realises there is a conflict between Flight Instruments and their body senses.
Define Incapacitating Spatial Disorientation?
When the physical symptoms are severe enough to incapacitate the Pilot.
What type of acceleration is sensed by Somatogyral Illusions?
Angular.
Name the four Somatogyral Illusions?
- Opposite-turning Illusion.
- The Leans.
- The Graveyard Spin/Spiral.
- Coriolis Illusion.
What type of acceleration is sensed by Somatogravic Illusions?
Linear.
Name three Samatogravic Illusions?
- Pitch-up Illusion.
- Pitch-down Illusion.
- Inverted Illusion.
Upsloping Runway: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?
- High.
- Shallower.
- Undershoot.
Upsloping Terrain: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?
- High.
- Shallower.
- Undershoot.
Narrow/Longer Runway: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?
- High.
- Shallower.
- Undershoot.
If the illusion on a Narrow/Longer Runway isn’t corrected, there is a tendency for what before Landing?
Flare the Aircraft too late.
Night ‘Black Hole’ Approach: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Above/Below) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?
- High.
- Shallower.
- Undershoot.
Day ‘Featureless Terrain Approach: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Above/Below) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?
- High.
- Below.
- Undershoot.
True or False. Rain-affected Approach can cause an illusion of being too high?
True.
True or False. Dark and/or Reduced Visibility Approach can cause an illusion of being too high?
True.
Downsloping Runway: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?
- Low.
- Steeper.
- Overshoot.
Downsloping Terrain: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?
- Low.
- Steeper.
- Overshoot.
Wider/Shorter Runway: The Pilot may have an illusion of being too (High/Low) and may results in the approach path being (Steeper/Shallower) than it should be resulting in an (overshoot/undershoot)?
- Low.
- Steeper.
- Overshoot.
If the illusion on a Wider/Shorter Runway isn’t corrected, there is a tendency for what before Landing?
Flare the Aircraft too early.
At night, if the Runway/Approach light are on high intensity, Pilots may perceive the threshold to be (Further/Closer) than it really is?
Closer.
True or False. Rain at night can amplify the illusion of that a Pilot may perceive the threshold to be closer than it really is?
True.
Extremely bright conditions and clear air may perceive a Pilot in thinking the threshold is (Further/Closer) than it really is?
Closer.
At night, if the Runway/Approach light are on low intensity, Pilots may perceive the threshold to be (Further/Closer) than it really is?
Further.
True or False. Rain during the day can amplify the illusion of that a Pilot may perceive the threshold to be further than it really is?
True.
A wet Runway reflects very little light which can affect distance perception and cause the Pilot to incorrectly assess that the Aircraft is (Further/Closer) to the Runway that it actually is?
Further.
True or False. Flying in Haze creates the impression that the Aircraft is further away from the Runway than it actually is?
True.
In the absence of other visual clues, if a Pilot fixes his or her stare for some time on a pinpoint of light in a dark sky, the illusion is that either he/she or the light is moving. This illusion is called (flicker vertigo/autokinesis)?
Autokinesis.
