Chapter 5.6 - Takeoff Performance

Question 1

Lift-off Speed is a function of which three factors?

Answer 1

• Stall Speed.
• Acceleration.
• Takeoff Run.

Question 2

Name three factors which can increase the Takeoff Distance required?

Answer 2

• Increase in Lift-off Speed.
• Increase in Weight.
• Poor Takeoff Technique.

Question 3

What is the name given to the Speed for Takeoff and its abbreviation (2)?

Answer 3

• Takeoff Safety Speed.

- V2.

Question 4

Define Takeoff Safety Speed?

Answer 4

An Airspeed no less than 20% higher than the power-off stall speed at a particular flap setting.

Question 5

What is so significant about the Takeoff Safety Speed?

Answer 5

It allows the Pilot adequate control in the event of a sudden complete Engine Failure during the Climb from a Takeoff.

Question 6

Name three stages of a Takeoff?

Answer 6

• Ground Roll.
• Lift-off.
• Transition to Climb.

Question 7

What is the name, abbreviation and definition of the Speed at which an Aircraft begins to Takeoff (3)?

Answer 7

• Rotation Speed.
• Vr.
• Speed at which back pressure is applied to rotate the Aircraft into Takeoff Attitude.

Question 8

Name two factors which can affect Takeoff Distance?

Answer 8

• Acceleration.

- Takeoff Speed.

Question 9

Name three factors which the Gross Weight of an Aircraft can affect the Takeoff Distance?

Answer 9

• Increase in Weight requires an increase in Lift.
• More Acceleration is required for a heavier Aircraft.
• Increase in Weight increases the retarding force produced by rolling friction.

Question 10

Other than Temperature and Pressure, what other factor increases Density Height which can affect Takeoff Distance?

Answer 10

Humidity.

Question 11

Name two factors which Density Height can affect the Takeoff Distance?

Answer 11

• The Power Output is reduced as Density Height is increased.
• An increase in Density Height will require a higher True Airspeed.

Question 12

Name four factors which Power Output of an Aircraft can affect the Takeoff Distance?

Answer 12

• Throttle not opened fully.
• Engine in Poor Condition.
• Engine Malfunction.
• Carburettor Heat ON.

Question 13

Which wind conditions is most favourable for a Takeoff (1) and why (4)?

Answer 13

• Headwind.
• Less Acceleration required.
• Groundspeed for Lift-off is less.
• Climb Angle is Steeper.
• Landing Speed is at its lowest (in event of Engine Failure).

Question 14

Which wind conditions are least favourable for Takeoff?

Answer 14

Tailwind.

Question 15

What component of the Aircraft is a major factor with regards to Runway Slope?

Answer 15

Aircraft’s Weight.

Question 16

Name two ways a Slope can affect the Takeoff Distance?

Answer 16

• Upward slope adds to the Retarding Forces.

- Downward slope adds to Acceleration.

Question 17

How can the Runway Surface affect the Takeoff Distance?

Answer 17

Any surfaces which increases Rolling Friction will reduce the Acceleration.

Question 18

Name five different Runway Surfaces which can affect the Takeoff Distance?

Answer 18

• Short Dry Grass.
• Short Wet Grass.
• Long Dry Grass.
• Long Wet Grass.
• Soft Ground.

Question 19

Name two types of Runway Surface contamination?

Answer 19

• Water.

- Snow.

Question 20

Name four different classifications of water-affected Runway Surface?

Answer 20

• Damp.
• Wet.
• Water Patches.
• Flooded.

Question 21

Which two water-affected Runway Surfaces can affect the Takeoff Distance and why (3)?

Answer 21

• Water Patches.
• Flooded.
• Drag will be produced as the landing gear encounters the water.

Question 22

How can the use of Flaps affect the Takeoff Distance?

Answer 22

The Flaps increases the maximum Lift Coefficient, which decreases the Stall Speed with only a small amount of Drag.

Question 23

Name four poor Takeoff Techniques which can affect the Takeoff Distance?

Answer 23

• Inadvertent Braking whilst using the Rudder.
• Slow Application of Power.
• Power set to less than Takeoff.
• Rotation too early/late.

Question 24

What meteorological factor can affect the Takeoff Performance and why (2)?

Answer 24

• Frost on the Upper Surface of the Wing.

- Frost can increase the Stalling Speed, thus requiring more distance for Takeoff.

Question 25

Define TODR (2)?

Answer 25

• Takeoff Distance Required.

- The distance needed to accelerate from a standing start to the 50-foot point above the takeoff surface.

Question 26

What percentage is the Takeoff Climb Gradient?

Answer 26

6%.

Question 27

Takeoff Weight Charts can be used to find which two factors?

Answer 27

• Maximum Takeoff Weight for a particular Takeoff Distance Available.
• Takeoff Distance Required for a particular Gross Weight at Takeoff.

Question 28

Name three Takeoff Parameters found in a Takeoff Weight Chart?

Answer 28

• Power Output.
• Flap Settings.
• Takeoff Safety Speed.

Question 29

According to the Takeoff Performance Chart, what four factors degrades the Takeoff Performance at MTOW?

Answer 29

• Increase in Density Height.
• Tailwind Component.
• Upslope.
• Short Wet Grass Surface.