Chapter 5.7 - Landing Performance Flashcards
Define LDA (2)?
- Landing Distance Available.
- The distance from the 50-foot point to touchdown plus the Landing Roll.
How can a Pilot maximise Aerodynamic Braking when Landing an Aircraft?
By holding the Nose Wheel off the ground for as long as possible.
Define Vat Speed (2)?
- Approach/Target Threshold Speed.
- A speed no less than 30% higher than the Stall Speed in the Landing Configuration.
Describe what a Landing consists of (4)?
- 50-foot point.
- Flare.
- Touchdown.
- Ground Roll.
Name two considerations if an Aircraft uses an incorrect Approach Speed?
- It will take a greater distance to decelerate.
- Wear and tear on the brakes/tyres can cause overheating/blow out.
A high Approach Speed will alter the Flare properties and cause the Aircraft to do what?
Float a greater distance.
Name two factors which can affect Landing Distance?
- Deceleration.
- Landing Speed.
Describe the Flare Technique (3)?
- Reduce Power to Idling.
- Apply back pressure to Control Yoke.
- Main Wheels should touchdown first in a Nose-up Attitude (for Aerodynamic Braking).
Name three factors which the Gross Weight of an Aircraft can affect the Landing Distance?
- Increase in Weight requires an increase in Approach Speed.
- Increase in Weight increases the Inertia which requires a longer period of Deceleration.
- Increase in Weight increases the retarding force produced by rolling friction.
True or False. For Light Training Aircraft (Cessna), the increase in Density Height has a major implication on Landing Distance?
False.
True or False. The larger the Aircraft, the greater the effect of Density Reduction?
True.
Which wind conditions is most favourable for a Landing (1) and why (3)?
- Headwind.
- Less Deceleration.
- Lower Groundspeed at Touchdown.
- Brakes more effective at lower speeds.
How should brakes by applied once an Aircraft has Landed?
Applied firmly with even pressure on both pedals.
What happens if the main Landing Gear stop/skid?
Pressure on pedals should be reduced.
Brake effectiveness will be improved by maintaining the Maximum Weight possible on the main Landing Gear. How can this be actioned by a Pilot when Landing (2)?
- Reducing the Angle of Attack.
- Keeping the Nose Wheel off the ground.
Aerodynamic Braking/Drag is another element of the Decelerating force. How can a Pilot increase the Drag when Landing (2)?
- Maintaining a high Angle of Attack.
- Leaving the Flaps DOWN.
When Landing Distance is critical, what should a Pilot do (3)?
- Lower the Nose Wheel as soon as possible.
- Raise the Flaps.
- Apply Maximum Braking.
What’s the main objective for the main Landing Gear when Landing Distance is critical?
To apply as much Weight as possible.
What’s the main objective for the Aircraft when Landing Distance is not critical?
To minimise the use of braking action.
Name two ways a Slope can affect the Landing Distance?
- Upward slope adds to the Retarding Forces.
- Downward slope reduces to Deceleration.
How can Runway Surfaces reduce the Landing Distance?
Any surfaces which increases Rolling Friction will increase the Deceleration and more effective braking.
Name two factors which Runway Surfaces can affect the Landing Distance and explain why?
- Soft Ground. This can make control of the Aircraft difficult.
- Wet/Slippery Surface. May reduce effectiveness of braking action.
True or False. Flooding/Water Patches on a Runway Surface can have both a positive and negative effect on Landing Distance. Why (2)?
- True.
- The Runway Surfaces can provide Drag and limited effectiveness on Braking.
Define Hydroplaning?
Where the wheels of a vehicle can ride on the sheet of the water instead of the underlying surface.
Name three types of Hydroplaning?
- Dynamic Hydroplaning.
- Viscous Hydroplaning.
- Reverted/Melted-Rubber Hydroplaning.
Name two factors as to why large Flap deflection will decrease the Landing Distance?
- Reduction in Stall Speed means lower Approach Speed.
- Retarding Force is increased as a result of the increasing Drag.
How can Wind Gustiness affect the Landing Distance?
By upsetting the Flare and Touchdown.
When Gusty Conditions exists, good Airmanship dictates a Pilot should add extra to their Approach Speed. How much extra is needed?
5 to 10 knots.
Define Ground Effect?
Reduction in Induced Drag when the Aircraft is close to the Runway/Landing.
What can Ground Effect lead to?
Prolonging of the Flare and increase the Landing Distance.
According to the Landing Performance Chart, what two factors degrades the Landing Performance at MLDW?
- Tailwind Component.
- Downslope.
Define LDR (2)?
- Landing Distance Required.
- The distance from the 50-foot point to full stop plus safety margin.
What percentage is the Landing-Climb Gradient?
3.2%.
Landing Weight Charts can be used to find which two factors?
- Maximum Landing Weight for a particular Landing Distance Available.
- Landing Distance Required for a particular Gross Weight at Landing.
Name three Landing Parameters found in a Landing Weight Chart?
- Flat Setting.
- Approach Speed.
- Landing Distance Safety Factor.
