Chapter 6.3 (Psychological Influences on the Team)

Question 1

What is BEDTOP?

Answer 1

The behavioural effects due to others present

Question 2

Define audience

Answer 2

Those who just watch the event

Question 3

Define co-actors

Answer 3

Those who are doing the same task but are not in direct competition

Question 4

Define competitive co-actors

Answer 4

Those who are in direct competition

Question 5

Define social reinforcers

Answer 5

Those who have a direct influence on the event

Question 6

Define social inhibition

Answer 6

The negative effect of the presence of others on performance

Question 7

Define social facilitation

Answer 7

The positive effect of the presence of others on performance

Question 8

Define evaluation apprehension

Answer 8

The perceived fear of being judged

Question 9

What methods are there to prevent social inhibition?

Answer 9

1. Getting the players familiar with playing in front of a crowd
2. Gradually introducing evaluation
3. Improving focus and concentrations

Question 10

What are the characteristics of group dynamics?

Answer 10

1. A collective identity
2. Interaction communication
3. Communication
4. Shared goal or purpose

Question 11

What are the four stages of group formation?

Answer 11

1. Forming - The group comes together, assessment made on individuals rather than others
2. Storming - Potential conflict as individuals may compete to establish position, role and status within the team
3. Norming - Once conflicts are resolved, team begins to settle and co-operate with cohesion developing and intention of achieving their goals
4. Performing - All players interactive and working together to achieve their goals. Team members support each other

Question 12

Define cohesion

Answer 12

The tendency for individuals to work together to a chief their goals, the forces that keep the group members on task

Question 13

Define co-action

Answer 13

When others do the task at the same time but separately

Question 14

Define interaction

Answer 14

When a group works together to produce results

Question 15

What are Carron’s antecedents?

Answer 15

1. Environmental factors - size of group, time available, mix of age and gender all effect cohesion and productivity
2. Personal factors - Similarity of group members regarding goals, opinions and values
3. Leadership factors - leader needs to got on with team
4. Team factors - success is important and the higher the demand for success the greater the cohesion

Question 16

Define task cohesion

Answer 16

Individuals working together to achieve an end result

Question 17

Define social cohesion

Answer 17

Individuals relating to each other to interact in the group

Question 18

Define actual productivity

Answer 18

The outcome of group performance

Question 19

Define team

Answer 19

A group that has interaction, shared goals, an identity and communication

Question 20

Define potential productivity

Answer 20

The best performance based on player ability and group resources

Question 21

Define faulty processes

Answer 21

The things that go wrong to reduce group outcomes and prevent group potential being reached

Question 22

Define social loafing

Answer 22

Individual loss of motivation in a team player due to lack of performance identification when individual efforts are not recognised

Question 23

What is the Ringelmann effect?

Answer 23

Group performance decreases with group size

Question 24

Define goal setting

Answer 24

Setting targets

Question 25

Define outcome goal

Answer 25

A goal set against the performance of others and based on a result

Question 26

Define task-orientated goal

Answer 26

Getting a better performance

Question 27

Define performance goal

Answer 27

When the athlete sets a goal to better their own performance rather than comparing to others

Question 28

Define process goal

Answer 28

Based on improving techniques

Question 29

What are the factors to consider when setting goals?

Answer 29

1. Specific
2. Measured
3. Achievable
4. Realistic
5. Time-bound
6. Evaluate
7. Re-do