Chapter 3.1 (Emergence of the Globalisation of Sport) Flashcards
Define the Feudal System
Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around a relationship derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour
Define Popular Recreation
The sport and pastimes of people in pre-industrial Britain
What are the characteristics of popular recreation? (LUCICROWS)
Local Unwritten Cruel Irregular Classed Based Rural Occupational Wagering Simple
Define a Foot Race
A form of competitive running/walking in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries involving feats of endurance. As time progressed, it evolved into pedestrianism/ race walking
Define Patron
A member of the gentry who looked after a lower-class performer, e.g. by arranging competitions for the to participate in, putting up prize money and generally looking after the welfare of the performer
Who was Dr William Penny Brookes?
The founder of the Wedlock Olympic Games in 1850
Define Rational Recreation
In the nineteenth century, these were sports pastimes for the lower classes, which were designed by the middle class to be well ordered, organised and controlled
Define Industrial Revolution
Deemed to have occurred during the mid-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries. This period marked a change in Britain from a feudal, rural society into a industrialised, machine-based, capitalist society, controlled by a powerful urban middle class
What were the initial negative effects of industrialism? (HITFOR)
H = poor health and hygiene I = lack of income T = lack of time F = facility provision was lacking O = overcrowding and lack of space R = loss of rights
Define Industrial Patronage
Factory teams were set up by factory owners as a way of decreasing absenteeism and encouraging loyalty in the workforce
Define Urbanisation
Large numbers of people migrating/moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories
Define Codification
The gradual organisation and defining of the rules (e.g. for the actual playing of a sport, as well as the conduct and behaviour of the participants)
Who are Philanthropists?
Kind, generous, middle-class individuals who had a social conscience and were keen to try to provide for a better life among the working class
Define Public Provision
Local council provision of facilities (e.g. sport/recreational) for the masses to participate
Define Rational Recreation
Involves the post-industrial development of sport. It was characterised by a number of features including respectability, strict administration and codification
What are the 5 characteristics of rational recreation?
5 R’s
Rules/Codification Regular Regional Referees/Officials Respectable
Define Amateur
A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain
Define Professional
A person who plays sport for a financial gain
What is the Bosman Ruling?
A European Court of Justice decision made on 15 December 1995 concerning freedom of movement for workers. An important decision as it allowed the free movement of labour in the European Union. It effectively allowed footballers within the EU to move at the end of their contract without a transfer fee being paid
What is lawn tennis?
Originally called Sphairistike and played on an hourglass shaped court before its name and court shape were quickly replaced
Define Open Era
When professional tennis players were allowed to compete alongside amateurs and earn money
Define Media
An organised means of communication by which large numbers of different people can be reached quickly
Define Golden Triangle
The golden triangle refers to the relationship between sport, business and media
Define Commercialism
The process of attempting to gain money from an activity e.g. sport
Define Sponsorship
When a company pays for their products to be publicly displayed or advertised, usually as an attempt to increase the sales of their goods
Define Merchandising
The practice in which the brand or image from one ‘product’ is used to sell another e.g. professional sports teams/ performers promote various products
Define Globalisation
The process whereby nations are increasingly being linked together and people are becoming more interdependent via improvements in communication and travel
Define Social Media
Online apps and websites which allow users to interact by sharing content and taking part in social networking
