Chapter 6.1 (Psychological Influences)

Question 1

Define personality

Answer 1

A ‘unique psychological make-up’

Question 2

Define extrovert

Answer 2

Extroverts have loud and bright personalities

Question 3

Define introvert

Answer 3

Introverts are quiet and are more likely to avoid situations

Question 4

Define social learning theory

Answer 4

This theory suggests that behaviour is learned from significant other by socialisation

Question 5

Define trait theory

Answer 5

A theory which suggests that innate characteristics produce consistent behaviour

Question 6

Define interactionist perspective

Answer 6

A theory which combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in a specific situation

Question 7

Define Lewin’s formula

Answer 7

B = f(PxE): Behaviour is a function of personality and environment

Question 8

What are the 3 components of the Hollander model?

Answer 8

1. The core is stable and solid and not likely to change. Beliefs and values are underlying
2. Typical responses are the usual responses the player would make in a given situation
3. The role-related behaviour implies that further changes to behaviour may be needed as the situation demands

Question 9

What are the uses of the interactionist idea?

Answer 9

1. Coach can predict any potentially unacceptable or aggressive behaviour
2. Coaches can identify situations that cause inappropriate actions or reduction of performance
3. Use the approach to change the players behaviour by encouraging them to adapt to specific circumstances

Question 10

Define attitude

Answer 10

A value aimed at an attitude object

Question 11

What is a credulous approach?

Answer 11

When the link between personality and behaviour is accepted

Question 12

What is a sceptical approach?

Answer 12

When the link between personality and behaviour is doubted

Question 13

What is the triadic model? (CAB)

Answer 13

The three parts of an attitude: cognitive, affective, behavioural

Question 14

Define cognitive component

Answer 14

A belief, such as the belief in the ability to win

Question 15

Define Affective component

Answer 15

Relates to feelings and interpretation such as enjoyment

Question 16

Define behavioural component

Answer 16

The actions of the performer

Question 17

Define cognitive dissonance

Answer 17

New information given to the performer to cause unease and motivate change

Question 18

Define persuasion

Answer 18

An effective communication to promote change

Question 19

Define arousal

Answer 19

A level of activation, a degree of readiness to perform

Question 20

What is drive theory?

Answer 20

As arousal increase, so does performance: P = f(D x H)

Question 21

Define dominant response

Answer 21

The stand out response that the performer thinks is correct

Question 22

What is the inverted-U theory?

Answer 22

Theory linking arousal and performance by stating that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point at moderate levels of arousal

Question 23

What is the catastrophe theory?

Answer 23

Theory suggesting that increased arousal improves performance to an optimal point but there is a dramatic reduction in performance when arousal increases beyond the optimal

Question 24

Define somatic anxiety

Answer 24

Physiological anxiety

Question 25

Define cognitive anxiety

Answer 25

Psychological anxiety

Question 26

What is the ‘Zone’?

Answer 26

Area of controlled arousal and high levels of performance

Question 27

Define peak flow

Answer 27

The ultimate intrinsic experience felt by athletes from a positive mental attitude, with supreme confidence, focus and efficiency