Chapter 6.2 (Further Psychological Effects)

Question 1

Define anxiety

Answer 1

A level of nerves and irrational thinking

Question 2

Define competitive trait anxiety

Answer 2

A disposition to suffer from nervousness in most sporting situations

Question 3

Define competitive state anxiety

Answer 3

A nervous response to specific sporting situations

Question 4

What is the purpose of a questionnaire?

Answer 4

A set of questions to measure or assess something, in this case anxiety

Question 5

What is a SCAT?

Answer 5

Sports Competition Anxiety Test - a questionnaire used by sports psychologists to measure anxiety

Question 6

What is a CSAI?

Answer 6

Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory - A questionnaire used by sports psychologists to measure anxiety

Question 7

Define observation

Answer 7

Gaining a measure of (in this case) anxiety simply by watching the performer

Question 8

What are the advantages and disadvantages of physiological measuring of anxiety?

Answer 8

Adv:
1. Factual so easy comparisons
2. Responses to anxiety can be measured, e.g. HR
Dis:
1. Training is required to use devices
2. Wearing devices may limit movement
3. Awareness of measuring can cause additional stress

Question 9

Define aggression

Answer 9

Intent to harm outside the rules; hostile behaviour

Question 10

Define assertion

Answer 10

Well-motivated behaviour within the rules

Question 11

Define instrumental aggression

Answer 11

Has an intent but is within the rules

Question 12

Define instinct theory

Answer 12

When aggression is spontaneous and innate

Question 13

Define catharsis

Answer 13

Cleansing the emotions; using sprite as an outlet for aggression

Question 14

Define frustration-aggression hypothesis

Answer 14

Aggression is inevitable when goals are blocked and the performer becomes frustrated

Question 15

Define aggressive cue hypothesis

Answer 15

Suggests that aggression is is caused by a learned trigger

Question 16

Define social learning theory

Answer 16

Learning by associating with others and copying behaviour

Question 17

What are the four aggression theories? (AS IF)

Answer 17

Aggression cue hypothesis
Social learning theory
Instinct theory
Frustration aggression hypothesis

Question 18

What are the ways of preventing aggression

Answer 18

1. Do not reinforce aggressive acts in training
2. Punish aggression with fines
3. Punish players by sending them off
4. Substitute an aggressive player or remove them from the situation
5. Reinforce non-aggression
6. Talk players to calm them down
7. Promote peer group pressure within the team
8. Walk away from the situation
9. Apply the rules consistently and fairly
10. Use mental rehearsal or relaxation to lower arousal
11. Point out responsibilities to the team
12. Point out non-aggressive role models
13. Set non-aggressive goals
14. Channel aggression into assertion
15. Apply sanctions immediately

Question 19

Define motivation

Answer 19

A drive to succeed

Question 20

Define intrinsic motivation

Answer 20

Motivation from within

Question 21

Define extrinsic motivation

Answer 21

Motivation from an outside source

Question 22

Define tangible rewards

Answer 22

Rewards that can be held or touched, typical

Question 23

Define intangible rewards

Answer 23

Not physical rewards

Question 24

What are some intrinsic and extrinsic motivation strategies?

Answer 24

1. Offering rewards and incentives early on
2. Making the activity enjoyable
3. Pointing out the benefits
4. Breaking the skill into parts
5. Pointing out role models
6. Making performer feel responsible for any success
7. Attributing success internally
8. Setting goals or targets that are achievable
9. Using feedback to inspire and correct errors