Chapter 1.2 (The Respiratory System)

Question 1

What is ventilation?

Answer 1

The exchange of air into and out of the lungs

Question 2

What is external respiration?

Answer 2

Gaseous exchange between the lungs and blood

Question 3

What is internal respiration?

Answer 3

Exchange of gases between the blood in the capillaries and the body cells

Question 4

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 4

Metabolic reactions and processes that occur in a cell to obtain energy

Question 5

What is the order for the passage of air?

Answer 5

NLTBBA
Nose
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

Question 6

Define Diffusion

Answer 6

The movement of gas molecules from an area of high concentration or partial pressure to an area of low concentration or partial pressure

Question 7

Define Gaseous Exchange

Answer 7

The movement of oxygen from the air into the blood, and carbon dioxide from the blood into the air

Question 8

Define Tidal Volume

Answer 8

Volume of air breathed in or out per breath

Question 9

Define IRV

Answer 9

Inspiratory reserve volume - Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath

Question 10

Define ERV

Answer 10

Expiratory reserve volume - Volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal breath

Question 11

Define Residual Volume

Answer 11

The amount def air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration

Question 12

What is minute ventilation?

Answer 12

Number of breaths (per min) x tidal volume = minute ventilation
12 x 0.5 = 6 litres/min

Question 13

What is a Spirometer?

Answer 13

A device used to measure the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs

Question 14

Define Partial Pressure

Answer 14

The pressure exerted by an individual gas when it exists within a mixture of gases

Question 15

Order for neural control of inspiration

Answer 15

Receptors > Medulla > Phrenic Nerve > Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Question 16

Order for neural control of expiration

Answer 16

Receptors > Medulla > Intercostal Nerve > Abdominals and internal intercostals

Question 17

What are Cilia?

Answer 17

Microscopic hair-like projections that help to sweep away fluids and particles

Question 18

What are the effects of smoking?

Answer 18

• Irritation of the trachea and bronchi
• Swelling and narrowing of the lungs airways
• Damages the cilia
• Damage to alveoli, resulting in reduced gaseous exchange