chapter 6: proteins Flashcards
term used for the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
amino acids contain which of the following elements?
nitrogen, oxygen, argon, hydrogen, carbon
nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon
which of the following are functions of protein?
-fluid balance
-blood clotting
-primary source of fuel
-production of enzymes & hormones
fluid balance, blood clotting, production of enzymes & hormones.
proteins are made up of one or more long chains of _____
amino acids
which of the following are true statements about protein?
-necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance, cell repair
-1 main function: to build muscle
-serves multiple functions in the body
-primary fuel source for the body
necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance & cell repair.
serves multiple functions in the body.
amino acids we’re unable to get from food, but is made by our bodies, is considered what type of amino acid?
-nonessential
-essential
-indispensable
-dispensable
nonessential & dispensable
How many amino acids are essential?
9
T/F: adults need only about 11% of their total protein requirement to be supplied by essential amino acids.
TRUE
amino acids links with ___ to form ___
PEPTIDE BONDS to form PROTEINS
most DNA is located in the cell’s _____
nucleus
protein synthesis takes place in the ____ of the cell, on the _______, not in the nucleus
CYTOPLASM & RIBOSOME(S)
typical diets provide about __% of protein as essential amino acids, when only 11% is required
50
how does denaturation of a protein affect its function?
protein loses its normal biological activity.
which are true about complete protein sources?
-most foods of plant origin are sources of complete protein
-most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein
-complete proteins are sometimes called “low-quality” proteins
-they supply all 9 essential amino acids
most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein, they supply all 9 essential amino acids
T/F: Changing a proteins shape can destroy its ability to function normally
TRUE
____ are a plant family w/ pods containing a single row of seeds
legumes
T/F: food allergies occur when the immune system perceives harmless food protein as a harmful invader
TRUE
pepsin can break a polypeptide chain into
individual amino acids
except infancy, proteins are absorbed into the digestive tract as
-individual amino acids
-complete proteins
-proteins that’ve been partially digested
individual amino acids
what helps to maintain body fluid balance?
blood proteins
name the 8 food groups that account for 90% of food allergies?
tree nuts, peanuts, fish, eggs, soy, shellfish, milk, wheat
___ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins
pepsin
the support structure inside bones is made of ___
protein
if carbohydrate is inadequate & a person isn’t getting enough calories, its not unusual for amino acids from ___ to be converted to energy
MUSCLE TISSUE
T/F: presence of proteins in blood causes edema
FALSE
protein intake exceeding daily protein losses is positive or negative?
POSITIVE
in extreme starvation, ____ from muscle tissue starts to be converted to glucose, which wastes muscle & produces edema.
AMINO ACIDS
inadequate protein consumption can result in:
-edema
-sickle cell anemia
-blood protein concentration decreases
-immune function is impaired
edema, blood protein concentration decreases, immune function is impaired
RDA for protein?
0.8 grams/kg
why is protein from food sources better than supplements?
toxicities from a single amino acid & imbalances in amino acids.
how many pounds = 1 kilogram?
2.2
T/F: protein deficiency usually accompanies a deficiency of calories & nutrients?
TRUE
the disease __ occurs primarily in young children w/ an existing disease & consume a marginal amount of calories & insuffienct protein
kwashiorkor
how are nutrition & genetics linked?
nutrients affect gene expression, genes determine nutrient requirements, genes influence development of some nutritional diseases.
