chapter 6: proteins

Question 1

term used for the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

amino acids contain which of the following elements?
nitrogen, oxygen, argon, hydrogen, carbon

Answer 2

nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon

Question 3

which of the following are functions of protein?
-fluid balance
-blood clotting
-primary source of fuel
-production of enzymes & hormones

Answer 3

fluid balance, blood clotting, production of enzymes & hormones.

Question 4

proteins are made up of one or more long chains of _____

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

which of the following are true statements about protein?
-necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance, cell repair
-1 main function: to build muscle
-serves multiple functions in the body
-primary fuel source for the body

Answer 5

necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance & cell repair.
serves multiple functions in the body.

Question 6

amino acids we’re unable to get from food, but is made by our bodies, is considered what type of amino acid?
-nonessential
-essential
-indispensable
-dispensable

Answer 6

nonessential & dispensable

Question 7

How many amino acids are essential?

Answer 7

9

Question 8

T/F: adults need only about 11% of their total protein requirement to be supplied by essential amino acids.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

amino acids links with ___ to form ___

Answer 9

PEPTIDE BONDS to form PROTEINS

Question 10

most DNA is located in the cell’s _____

Answer 10

nucleus

Question 11

protein synthesis takes place in the ____ of the cell, on the _______, not in the nucleus

Answer 11

CYTOPLASM & RIBOSOME(S)

Question 12

typical diets provide about __% of protein as essential amino acids, when only 11% is required

Answer 12

50

Question 13

how does denaturation of a protein affect its function?

Answer 13

protein loses its normal biological activity.

Question 14

which are true about complete protein sources?
-most foods of plant origin are sources of complete protein
-most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein
-complete proteins are sometimes called “low-quality” proteins
-they supply all 9 essential amino acids

Answer 14

most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein, they supply all 9 essential amino acids

Question 15

T/F: Changing a proteins shape can destroy its ability to function normally

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

____ are a plant family w/ pods containing a single row of seeds

Answer 16

legumes

Question 17

T/F: food allergies occur when the immune system perceives harmless food protein as a harmful invader

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

pepsin can break a polypeptide chain into

Answer 18

individual amino acids

Question 19

except infancy, proteins are absorbed into the digestive tract as
-individual amino acids
-complete proteins
-proteins that’ve been partially digested

Answer 19

individual amino acids

Question 20

what helps to maintain body fluid balance?

Answer 20

blood proteins

Question 21

name the 8 food groups that account for 90% of food allergies?

Answer 21

tree nuts, peanuts, fish, eggs, soy, shellfish, milk, wheat

Question 22

___ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins

Answer 22

pepsin

Question 23

the support structure inside bones is made of ___

Answer 23

protein

Question 24

if carbohydrate is inadequate & a person isn’t getting enough calories, its not unusual for amino acids from ___ to be converted to energy

Answer 24

MUSCLE TISSUE

Question 25

T/F: presence of proteins in blood causes edema

Answer 25

FALSE

Question 26

protein intake exceeding daily protein losses is positive or negative?

Answer 26

POSITIVE

Question 27

in extreme starvation, ____ from muscle tissue starts to be converted to glucose, which wastes muscle & produces edema.

Answer 27

AMINO ACIDS

Question 28

inadequate protein consumption can result in:
-edema
-sickle cell anemia
-blood protein concentration decreases
-immune function is impaired

Answer 28

edema, blood protein concentration decreases, immune function is impaired

Question 29

RDA for protein?

Answer 29

0.8 grams/kg

Question 30

why is protein from food sources better than supplements?

Answer 30

toxicities from a single amino acid & imbalances in amino acids.

Question 31

how many pounds = 1 kilogram?

Answer 31

2.2

Question 32

T/F: protein deficiency usually accompanies a deficiency of calories & nutrients?

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

the disease __ occurs primarily in young children w/ an existing disease & consume a marginal amount of calories & insuffienct protein

Answer 33

kwashiorkor

Question 34

how are nutrition & genetics linked?

Answer 34

nutrients affect gene expression, genes determine nutrient requirements, genes influence development of some nutritional diseases.