chapter 2 Flashcards
the adequate intake is based on ___.
dietary intakes of people that appear to maintaining nutritional health
what dietary reference intake is used to estimate the kilocalorie needs of an individual based on height, weight, age, biological sex, & physical activity level?
recommended dietary allowance
which of the following are appropriate uses of the dietary reference intakes?
-planning a diet for weight loss
-estimating body composition
-planning a diet to meet nutrient needs
-assessing the nutrient intakes of a population
planning a diet for weight loss & nutrient needs, assessing the nutrient intakes of a population
classify each food as high or low nutrient density.
FOODS: fat-free milk, maple syrup, cookies, oranges, cola, black beans
「high nutrient density」
fat-free milk, oranges, black beans
「low nutrient density」
cola, cookies, maple syrup
classify each food by its energy density
FOODS: apple, fat-free milk, tomatoes, olive oil, peanut butter, potato chips
VERY LOW/LOW ENERGY DENSITY
「tomatoes, apple, fat-free milk」
MEDIUM/HIGH ENERGY DENSITY
「peanut butter, potato chips, olive oil」
sodium intake should be limited to less than __ mg per day
2300 mg
saturated fat intake should be limited to less than what % of daily calories?
10%
added sugars should be limited to less than what % of daily calories?
10%
alcohol intake should be limited to no more than _ drink(s) per day for men vs _ drink(s) per day for women
MEN: 2
WOMEN: 1
Categorize each dietary component on whether the Dietary Guidelines recommend increased or decreased intake.
seafood, trans fats, sodium, fat-free & low-fat dairy products, fruits, saturated fats, added sugars, whole grains, vegetables, refined grains
MORE
「fruits, veggies, whole grains, seafood, fat-free & low-fat dairy products」
LESS
「saturated fats, sodium, trans fats, refined grains, added sugars」
According to MyPlate guidelines, [] should cover 1/2 of the plate, [] should occupy slightly more than one-quarter of the plate, and [] occupy slightly less than one-quarter of the plate.
OPTIONS: fruits & veggies, grains, protein foods
frutis & veggies should cover 1/2 of plate
grains should occuply slightly more than one-quarter
protein foods should occupy slightly less than one-quarter.
fill in the blanks:
CHOICES
「tennis ball, deck of playing cards, pair of dice, softball」
a) fruit serving is 1 cup fresh fruit, 1 cup 100% fruit juice, 1/2 cup dried fruit. A small/medium fruit is about the size of a ___
b) 3oz meat is equivalent to the size of ____.
c) 1 cup ready-to-eat breakfast cereal is roughly the size of a ____.
d) 2 tablespoons of salad dressing, peanut butter, or margarine is the same size as a ____.
a) tennis ball
b) deck of playing cards
c) softball
d) pair of dice
which of the following are recommendations of the Mediterranean Diet Pyramid?
「meals are enjoyed w/ others」
「sweet are enjoyed after every meal」
「red wine may be enjoyed in moderation w/ meats」
「moderate portions of poultry & eggs may be included a few times per week」
「herbs & spices are used instead of salt & salty seasonings」
「fish & seafood are part of every meal」
meals are enjoyed w/ others, red wine may be enjoyed in moderation w/ meats, moderate portions of poultry & eggs may be included a few times per week, herbs & spices are used instead of salt & salty seasonings.
which health outcome is associated with which dietary choices?
「OUTCOMES」
a) birth defects b) osteoporosis c) heart attack d) obesity
「DIETARY CHOICES」
a) diet high in saturated fat b) insufficient calcium intake c) excessive calorie intake d) excessive vitamin A intake during pregnancy
「diet high in saturated fat w/ heart attack」
「insufficient calcium intake w/ osteoporosis」
「excessive calorie intake w/ obesity」
「excessive vitamin A intake during pregnancy w/ birth defects」
indicate whether each statement is assessing anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary, or environmental aspects of a person’s nutritional status.
a) “today you weigh 175 lbs; you met your goal of losing 4lbs in the last month”
b) “there is sugar in your urine, indicating a potential for diabetes diagnosis”
c) “you say you eat candy bars bc they’re the cheapest way to make you feel full. Do you ever feel you don’t have enough money to purchase healthy foods?”
d) “your food record says you drink soda every day. On average, how many cups, cans, or bottles of soda per day do you drink?”
e) “your skin appears very dry & stays pinched when I touch it. How much water are you drinking?”
a) anthropometric measurement
b) biochemical assessment
c) environmental assessment
d) dietary assessment
e) clinical assessment
match the correct nutrient recommendation & explanation to its corresponding Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) term.
TERMS:
RDA, EER, UL, DV, AI, CDRR
a) 1 piece of whole wheat bread provides 3g of dietary fiber. This is ~11% of the amount of daily fiber needed by a healthy adult.
b) average energy intake for a male aged 9-13 is estimated to be 2279 kcal per day.
c) adult men are advised to consume 35 mcg/d of chromium. There isn’t enough research to make a more definitive recommendation, but this amount appears to maintain nutritional hearth.
d) reducing sodium intake to under 2300mg per day is associated w/ reducing cardiovascular disease.
e) adults are advised to limit intake of synthetic folate to 1000 mcg per day out of concern that higher amounts could mask symptoms of a vitamin B-12 deficiency.
f) nonpregnant females 14-18 are advised to have 65mg of vitamin C per day. This amount means the vitamin C needs for ~97% of this age & sex.
a) DV
b) EER
c) AI
d) CDRR
e) UL
f) RDA
estimate of daily calorie needs based on a person’s height, weight, sex, and life-stage is called a(n): [Dietary Reference Intakes term].
EER, estimated energy requirement
the recommended amount of nutrient intake that is sufficient to meet the needs of 97% to 98% of the individuals in a specific sex & life-stage group is called a(n): [DRI term]
RDA, recommended dietary allowance
maximum chronic daily intake level of a nutrient that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects for individuals in a specific sex and life-stage group is called a(n)
UL, tolerable upper intake level
the [DRI term] is used on food labels as a rough guide for comparing nutrient content of a food to approximate human needs
DV, daily value
the [DRI term] was developed to specifically address disease risk.
CDRR, chronic disease risk reduction intakes
which of the following choices is lowest in calories?
20-oz bottle of coke containing high-fructose corn syrup
20-oz bottle of diet coke containing aspartame
8-oz carton of low-fat (1%) chocolate milk
12-oz bottle of Jones Soda Co Pure Cane Root Beer Soda
20-oz bottle of diet coke
which of the following snack combinations is the best choice for a quick, nutrient-dense boost of energy?
a) 20-oz bottle oc coke containing high-fructose corn syrup & 1-oz bag of potato chips
b) 20-oz bottle of Coke zero sugar containing artificial sweetener & a 1.5-oz bag of baked potato crisps
c) 12-oz bottle of Jones Soda Pure Cane Cola Soda & 1-oz box of raisins
d) 1/2 pint/8-floz low-fat (1%) chocolate milk & 1.5-oz pouch of almonds
e) 16-oz bottle of water & 3.1-oz box of M&Ms
d) 1/2 pint/8-floz low-fat (1%) chocolate milk & 1.5-oz pouch of almonds
energy density is best defined as:
comparison of calorie content of an individual food to the weight of the food
between whole milk, beans, peanuts & eggs, which has the highest energy density?
peanuts
medical history is an important component of background factors needed to measure nutritional status. Medical history is important because ___
it identifies any treatment of disease states that could be contributing to a decreased nutrient absorption.
which of the following are appropriate uses of DRI (dietary reference intakes)?
a) planning a diet for weight loss
b) planning a diet to meet nutrient needs
c) estimating body composition
d) assessing the nutrient intakes of a population
a) planning a diet for weight loss
b) planning a diet to meet nutrient needs
d) assessing the nutrient intakes of a population
When there is not sufficient research evidence to set a precise RDA for a nutrient, a(n) ______ is set. This is the amount of nutrient intake assumed to be adequate based on the dietary intakes of people who appear to be maintaining nutritional health.
AI, adequate intake
What Dietary Reference Intake is used to estimate the kilocalorie needs of an individual based on height, weight, age, biologic sex, and physical activity level?
estimated energy requirement
According to the Dietary Guidelines, Americans should limit their sodium intake to less than _ milligrams per day.
2300
The Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting the intake of added sugars to less than ______ percent of total calories per day.
10
What can occur when a blood vessel becomes blocked by cholesterol?
chest pain, heart attack
The Daily Value is based on consuming a ______ kcal diet.
2000
Which situations would likely lead to an intake above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for a nutrient?
a) following the MyPlate diet plan
b) high doses of a supplement for a specific vitamin or mineral
c) an excessive intake of a limited variety of foods
d) using many fortified foods
b) high doses of a supplement for a specific vitamin or mineral
c) an excessive intake of a limited variety of foods
d) using many fortified foods
