ch 16 Flashcards
Why are older adults at particular risk for vitamin B-12 deficiency?
-production of intrinsic factor declines with age
-production of stomach acid declines with age
-some medications interfere with digestion & absorption.
Empty-nesters must learn to shop, prepare, and store foods in smaller quantities while meeting their unique nutrient needs. Ultimately, their dietary choices play a role in the development or prevention of various health conditions. Match the following dietary patterns with a logical health outcome.
PATTERNS:
-inadequate magnesium intake
-low dairy consumption & limited sun exposure
-consuming a dietary pattern high in fiber
-consuming inadequate fluid
-consuming a dietary pattern high in saturated fat
-consuming inadequate fluid
OUTCOMES:
-increases risk for obesity, heart disease, certain types of cancer
-helps prevent colon cancer
-promotes constipation
-contributes to development of osteoporosis
-can lead to muscular weakness & muscular confusion.
-inadequate magnesium intake: can lead to muscular weakness & muscular confusion.
-low dairy consumption & limited sun exposure: contributes to development of osteoporosis
-consuming a dietary pattern high in fiber: helps prevent colon cancer
-consuming a dietary pattern high in saturated fat: increases risk for obesity, heart disease, certain types of cancer
-consuming inadequate fluid: promotes constipation
According to one theory about aging, free radicals are responsible for the breakdown of cell membranes and proteins over time. Which of the following nutrients could protect cells from damage by free radicals?
Carotenoids
Vitamin B-12
Selenium
Vitamin E
Carotenoids
Selenium
Vitamin E
Which of the following health changes are commonly considered to be part of usual aging?
Increasing body fat
Rising blood pressure
Increasing bone mass
Decreasing muscle mass
Increasing body fat
Rising blood pressure
Decreasing muscle mass
What is the term for the average length of life for a given group of people born in a specific year?
Life expectancy
What is the life expectancy for men in North America?
76 years
Excesses of which of the following dietary components are hypothesized to accelerate aging?
calories
vitamin d
folic acid
sugars
calories & sugars
What is the term for the potential oldest age a person can reach?
life span
True or false: Metabolic efficiency influences longevity because the rate at which a person metabolizes food has a direct effect on his/her weight.
True
What is the term for a person’s pattern of living that includes food choices, exercise patterns, and substance abuse?
lifestyle
Usual aging refers to changes that are an expected part of aging, including ______.
increasing blood pressure and progression of chronic disease
decreasing bone mass
increased body fatness and decreased lean body mass
What is the most common form of undernutrition during the adult years in North America?
Iron-deficiency anemia
What are some potential causes of iron deficiency among adults?
Frequent use of antidepressants
Digestive tract injuries that cause bleeding
Use of aspirin
Blood lost during monthly menstruation
Intakes of which micronutrients tend to be suboptimal in many adults?
Vitamin B-6
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
Calcium
Vitamin B-6
Vitamin D
Calcium
Why do zinc levels in adults decrease?
-high fiber intake interferes with zinc absorption
-zinc absorption declines as stomach acid production diminishes with age
-intake of zinc is less than optimal
-cellular aging requires more zinc which depletes stores
-zinc absorption declines as stomach acid production diminishes with age
-intake of zinc is less than optimal
Poor status of which mineral can lead to reduced taste sensations and delayed wound healing?
copper, calcium, zinc, selenium
zinc
What is the recommended limit for sodium intake for most adults, according to the Dietary Guidelines?
2300 milligrams
Which of the following micronutrients play a role in homocysteine metabolism?
folate
vitamin B-12
vitamin B-6
vitamin E
folate
vitamin B-12
vitamin B-6
Low vitamin E intake may promote the progression of many chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, which are associated with cellular damage caused by free radicals. This is related to vitamin E’s role as a(n) ______.
antioxidant
excdssive sodium intake is linked to :
hypertension.
osteoarthritis.
osteoporosis.
kidney disease.
hypertension.
osteoporosis.
kidney disease.
Choose the outcomes of a low vitamin E intake.
promotes the progression of chronic diseases and cataracts
promotes age-related macular degeneration
increases the risk of cell damage by free radicals, due to a low supply of antioxidants
accelerates the aging process and a decline in physical abilities
promotes the progression of chronic diseases and cataracts
increases the risk of cell damage by free radicals, due to a low supply of antioxidants
accelerates the aging process and a decline in physical abilities
What are some effects of low vitamin E intake?
Accelerated aging
Decline in physical abilities
Cataracts
Taste sensation losses
Accelerated aging
Decline in physical abilities
Cataracts
