ch. 15 Flashcards
Proponents of the gluten-free, casein-free diet for autism assert that certain food proteins may
be absorbed intact & exert druglike effects on the brain
An infant’s birth weight ______ within the first 4 to 6 months and ______ by the first birthday.
doubles; triples
Girls experience their peak growth rate ______.
right before the onset of menses
Which of the following situations may be classified as failure to thrive?
Weight-for-age below the 5th percentile
Weight-for-age above the 95th percentile
Declining two or more major percentile lines over time
BMI-for-age below the 50th percentile
Weight-for-age below the 5th percentile
Declining two or more major percentile lines over time
An infant who weighed 8 lbs at birth should weigh ____ lbs on his first birthday.
24
If a child was in the 90th percentile for height-for-age according to the growth charts, how may one interpret these results?
The child is shorter than 10% of children his age, and taller than 89%.
Choose the characteristics in infants that are diagnosed with “failure to thrive.”
lear medical condition or environmental/social problem that contributes to the condition
height does not track as predicted but weight does track correctly
not doubling birth weight by 6 months of age
weight-for-age is below the 5th percentile
not doubling birth weight by 6 months of age
weight-for-age is below the 5th percentile
A hypersensitive immune response that occurs when the immune system identifies a harmless protein as a harmful pathogen and attempts to destroy it is called a ______.
food allergy
What are some negative health implications of restricting caloric intake during infancy?
Restriction of brain and nervous system development
Restricted growth of organ systems
Failure to thrive can result from
inadequate nutritional intake.
parental neglect.
inadequate physical activity.
nutrient malabsorption.
inadequate nutritional intake.
parental neglect.
nutrient malabsorption.
Choose the true statements about iron deficiency anemia during infancy.
Untreated, iron deficiency anemia can lead to childhood obesity.
Can have a lasting impact in cognition, motor development, and behavior.
An iron deficient mother will have an infant with high levels of iron taken from the mother.
Body stores of iron will be depleted by 6 months of age if iron is not part of the infant’s dietary pattern.
Can have a lasting impact in cognition, motor development, and behavior.
Body stores of iron will be depleted by 6 months of age if iron is not part of the infant’s dietary pattern.
What can occur rapidly in infants and have devastating consequences?
dehydration
Infants are born with a low level of _____ because limited amounts of the vitamin are transferred from mother to the fetus and because breastmilk is not particularly high in the vitamin, so infants are given an injection of the vitamin at birth.
vitamin K
When a formula-fed infant is consuming more than ______ of formula daily, the infant is probably ready to begin consuming solid foods.
32 ounces
What are the main dietary recommendations for infants set by the American Academy of Pediatrics?
Multiple select question.
Do not restrict fat intake.
Pay attention to infant satiety cues.
Moderate sugar and sodium intake.
Offer fruit juice as a leading source of vitamin C and potassium.
Avoid excessive fiber.
Choose foods containing iron, zinc, and calcium.
Build to a variety of foods.
Do not restrict fat intake.
Pay attention to infant satiety cues.
Moderate sugar and sodium intake.
Avoid excessive fiber.
Choose foods containing iron, zinc, and calcium.
Build to a variety of foods.
What are some signs that indicate the infant’s readiness to consume solid foods?
Reaching a weight of at least 13 pounds
Consuming more than 32 ounces of infant formula per 24 hours
Breastfeeding more than 8 to 10 times per 24 hours
Choose the guidelines established by the American Academy of Pediatrics for what to feed an infant.
Encourage an intake of fat.
Use responsive feeding.
Add a bit of sugar to foods an infant may not like to encourage them to ingest the food.
Feed a variety of foods.
Encourage an intake of fat.
Use responsive feeding.
Feed a variety of foods.
What are some examples of inappropriate feeding practices for infants?
Allowing the infant to drink from a cup
Encouraging the infant to wake up and finish a feeding if there is still formula left in the bottle.
Providing vitamin and mineral supplements exceeding 100% of the recommendations
Providing 2 to 3 cups per day of 100% fruit juice.
Encouraging the infant to wake up and finish a feeding if there is still formula left in the bottle.
Providing vitamin and mineral supplements exceeding 100% of the recommendations
Providing 2 to 3 cups per day of 100% fruit juice.
What are the adverse health effects associated with iron-deficiency anemia in children?
Decrease in learning ability
Increased risk of rickets
Lowered resistance to disease
Increased risk of autism
Decrease in stamina
Decrease in learning ability
Lowered resistance to disease
Decrease in stamina
Which foods should be emphasized to improve the diets of children (older than age 2)?
Whole milk and milk products
Whole-grain breads and cereals
Low-fat milk and milk products
Vegetables
Fruits
Whole-grain breads and cereals
Low-fat milk and milk products
Vegetables
Fruits
What are some dietary practices known to reduce lead absorption?
Moderating fat intake
Moderating protein intake
Consuming adequate fluids
Consuming adequate iron
Consuming regular meals
Consuming adequate calcium
Moderating fat intake
Consuming adequate iron
Consuming regular meals
Consuming adequate calcium
The most likely cause of a child’s constipation is ______.
withholding bowel movements
What nutrients may be lacking in the diet of a child consuming a strict vegetarian diet?
Iron
Vitamin D
Vitamin B-12
Common causes of constipation among young children include
Multiple select question.
withholding bowel movements.
low fiber intake.
inadequate milk intake.
low physical activity.
withholding bowel movements.
low fiber intake.
low physical activity.
The gluten-free, casein-free diet excludes foods made with
milk, barley, wheat, rye
Obesity in U.S. school-aged children has
stabilized
What is a common benefit found among children who eat breakfast in comparison to children who do not eat breakfast?
Children who eat breakfast are more likely to meet their daily needs for vitamins and minerals.
Excess consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among children can lead to ______.
high blood lipids
weight gain
increased inflammation
hyperkalemia
high blood lipids
weight gain
increased inflammation
Choose the foods that should be emphasized to establish healthy eating habits in school-age children.
Choose leaner cuts of meat and remove any visible fat from meats
Two servings of fish per week
Allow daily discretionary calories of about 30% of total calories
Emphasize low-fat dairy products
Choose leaner cuts of meat and remove any visible fat from meats
Two servings of fish per week
Emphasize low-fat dairy products
High intakes of 100% fruit juices in children have been linked to
dehydration.
fatty liver.
obesity.
metabolic syndrome.
fatty liver.
obesity.
metabolic syndrome.
Choose the statements that accurately describe the female growth changes seen during adolescence.
The adolescent growth spurt provides 50% of adult weight and 15% of adult height.
Girls begin the growth spurt after boys.
Girls accumulate fat and lean tissue.
Nearly every organ and bone grows during this time.
The adolescent growth spurt provides 50% of adult weight and 15% of adult height.
Girls accumulate fat and lean tissue.
Nearly every organ and bone grows during this time.
What are some negative effects of caffeine intake during adolescence?
can induce caffeine poisoning
leads to other more serious drug use
impairs neurological and cardiovascular development
disturbs normal sleep patterns
can induce caffeine poisoning
impairs neurological and cardiovascular development
disturbs normal sleep patterns
A teen who follows a vegetarian diet may have low intakes of
calcium.
iron.
vitamin B-12.
phosphorus.
calcium.
iron.
vitamin B-12.
Among adolescents, alcohol abuse affects ______.
cardiovascular health
social acceptance
body composition
liver function
brain development
cardiovascular health
body composition
liver function
brain development
Compared to meals prepared at home, the average meal consumed from fast-food restaurants provides
500 more milligrams of potassium.
400 more milligrams of sodium.
14 more grams of fat.
300 more kilocalories.
400 more milligrams of sodium.
14 more grams of fat.
300 more kilocalories.
About 25% of young children with food allergies
are allergic to more than one food.
will outgrow them as they age.
experience anaphylaxis.
must live with food allergies for the rest of their lives.
will outgrow them as they age.
What is the treatment for food intolerances?
Take medication prescribed by a doctor.
Total elimination of the food and food types that led to the food intolerance.
Avoid the specific offending food components that led to the food intolerance.
Avoid the specific offending food components that led to the food intolerance.
