Chapter 6 part 2

Question 1

Explain the Frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Answer 1

*Aggression is always a consequence of frustration

*Occurrence of aggressive behavior always presupposes the existence of frustration

*Contrariwise, the existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression

*Aggression ceases when people experience catharsis

Question 2

What is the Modified frustration-aggression hypothesis based on psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 2

*Frustration leads to indirect expressions of aggression

*Indirect aggression can be expressed by:

        *Displacing the aggression to a new target
        *Attacking the source of frustration in an indirect manner
        *Using sublimation

Question 3

What is the connection between Frustration and Aggression?

Answer 3

• More frustrated something makes you, more aggressive. Ex. waiting in line experiment.

*People displace aggression from a frustrating source to an innocent target

*Triggered displaced aggression

*Overreacting aggressively to a small offence or a minor annoyance

Question 4

Explain the relationship between Catharsis and Aggression?

Answer 4

*Prediction from the frustration-aggression hypothesis
*Need to aggress is reduced after a cathartic release of tension

*Research indicates that aggression does not lead to tension-reducing catharsis

      *Research indicates following reasons for why aggression-breeds-aggression
       *Acting aggressively leads to a kind of disinhibition
        *Presence of aggressive cues
        *Cathartic release of tension feels good

Question 5

What is the Object Relations Theory?

Answer 5

Emphasizes on early childhood experiences

*Children develop an unconscious representation of significant objects in his or her environment
*The kind of attachment children feel with their parents influences their ability to develop meaningful attachments with significant others as adults.
*According to attachment theory, infants who experience loving, secure relationships with their parents develop unconscious working models for secure, trusting relationships as adults.

Question 6

What is Attachment Theory?

Answer 6

*Describes the attachment relationships between infants and their caregivers

Question 7

What are the three attachment styles?

Answer 7

*Secure
*Mothers are attentive and responsive to their child
*Helps infant understand that mother is responsive and accessible even if she is not physically present

*Anxious-ambivalent
*Mothers in these dyads are not particularly attentive or responsive to the child’s needs

*Avoidant–
Mothers are not very responsive to the child–Child becomes aloof and emotionally detached from the mother

Question 8

How do the three attachment styles act in adulthood?

Answer 8

*Research indicates that:

 *Secure adults describe positive relationships with parents and a warm and trusting family environment

  *Anxious-ambivalent people recall little parental support

  *Avoidant people describe their relationships with family members as distrustful and emotionally distan

Question 9

Explain Alternate Models and Measurement

Answer 9

Adults who are comfortable with closeness and who don’t overly concern themselves about being abandoned are classified as secure

*Secure adults in the three-category model, these people tend to seek out and are comfortable with intimate relationships

*These avoidant individuals (sometimes called dismissing) shy away from close relationship