Chapter 1 - Part 1

Question 1

What is the dictionary definition of personality?

Answer 1

*State of being a person

*Characteristics and qualities that form a person’s distinctive character

*Sum total of a person’s physical, mental, emotional, and social characteristic

Question 2

What contributes to behaviour?

Answer 2

Both the situation and the person contribte to behavior

Question 3

What does an individual’s personality determine?

Answer 3

*How different he/she is from others

*How he/she behaves in the different situation

Question 4

In short, what makes a personality, a personality? (What separates it from a one time reaction)

Answer 4

Consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within the individual

             *Consistent patterns of behavior

              *To an extent, individual behavior is consistent across time and situations

*Intrapersonal processes
*Emotional, motivational, and cognitive processes that influence individual’s feelings and actions

Question 5

What is the Psychological definition of personality?

Answer 5

*Unique and relatively enduring internal and external aspects of a person’s character
*They influence behavior in different situations

Question 6

Why are there so many different definitons?

Answer 6

*Description is complex
*Humans change according to different situations and people

Question 7

What is the summary of the APA definition of personality?

Answer 7

Unique adjustment to life

Question 8

What is a self concept?

Answer 8

One’s description of oneself

Ex. Mcgill student
Walmart employee
Parent or brother etc

Question 9

What is self esteem?

Answer 9

Evaluation of a self concept

ex. Am I a good student?

Question 10

What is temperament? (two parts)

Answer 10

1. Emotional reactivity
2. Ability to regulate emotions

Question 11

What are traits?

Answer 11

Personality characteristics that determine a person’s behaviour or by which it can be explained

Question 12

What is an interest?

Answer 12

Something that is significant to the individual or that arouses an individual’s attention

Question 13

What is a drive?

Answer 13

A ready state of action, motivating a person to attain a goal.

Question 14

What is a value?

Answer 14

A moral principal for what it considered good or bad.

Question 15

What is ability?

Answer 15

What someone is capable of doing and emotional patterns are ways in which people react emotionally to events

Question 16

What is the Five Factor Model by McRae and Costa?

Answer 16

OCEAN

Openness, (narrow interests → open to experiences)

Conscientiousness, (impulsive → responsible)

Extroversion, (quiet → outgoing

Agreeableness, aloof → warm

Neuroticism / Emotional Stability (Moody → Stable)

Question 17

What OCEAN trait do you want for a sales person?

Answer 17

Conscientiousness (know their stuff), Openness (open to new trainings)

Question 18

Which OCEAN traits do you NOT want for a sales person?

Answer 18

Not agreeableness (because of all the competition in the industry)
- Also Neuroticism

Question 19

On social media: Do people present themselves as they are?

Answer 19

People generally present themselves as they are

*At least as accurate as face-to-face
*German study shows that people show themselves as more emotionally stable
*Introverted, neurotic, lonely, socially awkward may find it easier to express their true selves

                         *Selfies *Are you making yourself more or less likable? (ppl seem more self absorbed + selfie posers rated more lonely)

Question 20

How is personality related to social media?

Answer 20

*Personality includes how others see a person online

*Social media has a wide and a more instantly reachable audience

Question 21

What happens to personality with excessive time on social media?

Answer 21

Associated with anxiety and depression

*Correlation not cause and effect
*Perceived isolation

        *Self-esteem
        *Less healthy activity
        *Disrupted concentration
        *Sleep deprivation and depression
         *Lonely, introverted, low-self esteem

*Link to depression for those high in neuroticism but not fore those high in agreeablenes

Note: not totally because of it

Question 22

How does our personality change on social media?

Answer 22

1. More extraverted, open to new experiences,
2. less conscientious, lower emotional stability,
3. lower self-esteem and socialization skills

Question 23

What is the Psychoanalytic approach (in short)?

Answer 23

Unconscious mind is responsible for important differences in behavior style

Question 24

What is the trait approach (in short)?

Answer 24

*An individual lies along a continuum of various personality characteristic

traits are aspects of personality that are relatively stable over time, differ across individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are not), are relatively consistent over situations, and influence behaviors

Question 25

What is the Humanistic approach? (In short)

Answer 25

Personal responsibility and feelings of self-acceptance cause differences in personality

             *Maslow
                      *Hierachy of Human need

Question 25

What is the Biological approach? (in short)

And Eysnck’s Arousal Hypothesis

Answer 25

*Inherited predispositions and physiological processes contribute to differences in personality
*Eysenck
*argued that introverts had high cortical arousal, leading them to avoid stimulation.
*On the other hand, he believed that extroverts had low cortical arousal, causing them to seek out stimulating experience

Question 26

What are the levels of Maslow’s Hierachy of Human needs?

Answer 26

Low:
physiological needs,

safety,

love/belonging,

esteem, and

self-actualization.

High

Question 27

What is Reward deficiency syndrome?

Answer 27

proposed by pharmacologist Kenneth Blum in the 1990s.

*Sensation seekers, because of their lower numbers of inherited D2 receptors, are constantly motivated by the search for more intense sources of rewards.

*high sensation seekers are more prone to having problems with self-control, drug abuse, risky sexual behavior, and aggressive behavio

Question 28

What was in the expert of Karen Horney’s book he played in class?

Answer 28

Picture: Someone stuck in traffic and road raging

• This person may have illusions of grandeur (neurotic claims)
  - Often turns out to be apart of someone’s personality

Question 29

What is reward deficiency syndrome?

Answer 29

Kenneth Blume in 90s

• Not many D2 (dompamine) receptors, so need to do more extreme behaviours (maybe your a risk taker, gambler, risky sex behaviour etc)

Question 30

What is Affective Neuroscience theory?

Answer 30

Jack Panksepp’s primary emotional system

Activity in the brain area = personality (should know pronotype)

Dimensions of personality correspond to brain systems

Question 31

What is the links between Big-Five and Maslow’s needs:

Answer 31

Openness → Self- Actualization

Conscientiousness → Self- Actualization

Extroversion → Esteem

Agreeableness → Belonging

Neuroticism / Emotional Stability → Strongly correlates with all Maslow’s needs

Question 32

What are the Behavioral/social learning approaches to personality?

Answer 32

Consistent behavior patterns are the result of conditioning and expectation

Question 33

What is the cognitive approach to personality?

Answer 33

People process information to explain differences in behavior