Chapter 1 - Part 1 Flashcards
What is the dictionary definition of personality?
*State of being a person
*Characteristics and qualities that form a person’s distinctive character
*Sum total of a person’s physical, mental, emotional, and social characteristic
What contributes to behaviour?
Both the situation and the person contribte to behavior
What does an individual’s personality determine?
*How different he/she is from others
*How he/she behaves in the different situation
In short, what makes a personality, a personality? (What separates it from a one time reaction)
Consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within the individual
*Consistent patterns of behavior
*To an extent, individual behavior is consistent across time and situations
*Intrapersonal processes
*Emotional, motivational, and cognitive processes that influence individual’s feelings and actions
What is the Psychological definition of personality?
*Unique and relatively enduring internal and external aspects of a person’s character
*They influence behavior in different situations
Why are there so many different definitons?
*Description is complex
*Humans change according to different situations and people
What is the summary of the APA definition of personality?
Unique adjustment to life
What is a self concept?
One’s description of oneself
Ex. Mcgill student
Walmart employee
Parent or brother etc
What is self esteem?
Evaluation of a self concept
ex. Am I a good student?
What is temperament? (two parts)
- Emotional reactivity
- Ability to regulate emotions
What are traits?
Personality characteristics that determine a person’s behaviour or by which it can be explained
What is an interest?
Something that is significant to the individual or that arouses an individual’s attention
What is a drive?
A ready state of action, motivating a person to attain a goal.
What is a value?
A moral principal for what it considered good or bad.
What is ability?
What someone is capable of doing and emotional patterns are ways in which people react emotionally to events
What is the Five Factor Model by McRae and Costa?
OCEAN
Openness, (narrow interests → open to experiences)
Conscientiousness, (impulsive → responsible)
Extroversion, (quiet → outgoing
Agreeableness, aloof → warm
Neuroticism / Emotional Stability (Moody → Stable)
What OCEAN trait do you want for a sales person?
Conscientiousness (know their stuff), Openness (open to new trainings)
Which OCEAN traits do you NOT want for a sales person?
Not agreeableness (because of all the competition in the industry)
- Also Neuroticism
On social media: Do people present themselves as they are?
People generally present themselves as they are
*At least as accurate as face-to-face
*German study shows that people show themselves as more emotionally stable
*Introverted, neurotic, lonely, socially awkward may find it easier to express their true selves
*Selfies *Are you making yourself more or less likable? (ppl seem more self absorbed + selfie posers rated more lonely)
How is personality related to social media?
*Personality includes how others see a person online
*Social media has a wide and a more instantly reachable audience
What happens to personality with excessive time on social media?
Associated with anxiety and depression
*Correlation not cause and effect
*Perceived isolation
*Self-esteem
*Less healthy activity
*Disrupted concentration
*Sleep deprivation and depression
*Lonely, introverted, low-self esteem
*Link to depression for those high in neuroticism but not fore those high in agreeablenes
Note: not totally because of it
How does our personality change on social media?
- More extraverted, open to new experiences,
- less conscientious, lower emotional stability,
- lower self-esteem and socialization skills
What is the Psychoanalytic approach (in short)?
Unconscious mind is responsible for important differences in behavior style
What is the trait approach (in short)?
*An individual lies along a continuum of various personality characteristic
traits are aspects of personality that are relatively stable over time, differ across individuals (e.g. some people are outgoing whereas others are not), are relatively consistent over situations, and influence behaviors
What is the Humanistic approach? (In short)
Personal responsibility and feelings of self-acceptance cause differences in personality
*Maslow
*Hierachy of Human need
What is the Biological approach? (in short)
And Eysnck’s Arousal Hypothesis
*Inherited predispositions and physiological processes contribute to differences in personality
*Eysenck
*argued that introverts had high cortical arousal, leading them to avoid stimulation.
*On the other hand, he believed that extroverts had low cortical arousal, causing them to seek out stimulating experience
What are the levels of Maslow’s Hierachy of Human needs?
Low:
physiological needs,
safety,
love/belonging,
esteem, and
self-actualization.
High
What is Reward deficiency syndrome?
proposed by pharmacologist Kenneth Blum in the 1990s.
*Sensation seekers, because of their lower numbers of inherited D2 receptors, are constantly motivated by the search for more intense sources of rewards.
*high sensation seekers are more prone to having problems with self-control, drug abuse, risky sexual behavior, and aggressive behavio
What was in the expert of Karen Horney’s book he played in class?
Picture: Someone stuck in traffic and road raging
- This person may have illusions of grandeur (neurotic claims)
- Often turns out to be apart of someone’s personality
What is reward deficiency syndrome?
Kenneth Blume in 90s
- Not many D2 (dompamine) receptors, so need to do more extreme behaviours (maybe your a risk taker, gambler, risky sex behaviour etc)
What is Affective Neuroscience theory?
Jack Panksepp’s primary emotional system
Activity in the brain area = personality (should know pronotype)
Dimensions of personality correspond to brain systems
What is the links between Big-Five and Maslow’s needs:
Openness → Self- Actualization
Conscientiousness → Self- Actualization
Extroversion → Esteem
Agreeableness → Belonging
Neuroticism / Emotional Stability → Strongly correlates with all Maslow’s needs
What are the Behavioral/social learning approaches to personality?
Consistent behavior patterns are the result of conditioning and expectation
What is the cognitive approach to personality?
People process information to explain differences in behavior
