Chapter 3 part 3

Question 1

What are Defense Mechanisms?

Answer 1

*Techniques of ego to deal with unwanted thoughts and desires and reduce or avoid anxiety

Question 2

What is repression?

Answer 2

*Active effort by the ego to push threatening material out of consciousness
*Requires constant expend of energy

Question 3

What is Sublimation?

Answer 3

Channelling threatening unconscious impulses into socially acceptable actions

Question 4

What is Displacement?

Answer 4

*Channelling impulses to nonthreatening objects
*Displaced impulses do not lead to social reward

Question 5

What is Denial?

Answer 5

*Refusal to accept that certain facts exist
*Extreme form of defense

Question 6

What is Reaction formation?

Answer 6

Acting in a manner opposite to threatening unconscious desire

Question 7

What is Intellectualization?

Answer 7

*Removal of emotional content from the thought
*Helps bring difficult thoughts into consciousness without anxiety

Question 8

What is Projection?

Answer 8

*Attributing unconscious impulse to other people

*Frees a person from the perception that he/she is the one who holds a certain though

Question 9

What are the Psychosexual Stages of Development? (just defining the theory)

Answer 9

*Sequence of development made up of stages characterized by primary erogenous zones and sexual desires
*Each stage has a specific influence on the adult personality

*Adult personalities of people are greatly influenced by the events of early childhood

*Personality develops in stages

*Each stage defined by erogenous zone

*Resolve conflict to move to next stage

Fixation: Lack of resolution
*Excessive frustration or gratification

Question 10

What is fixation?

Answer 10

*Results when a child is unable to move through a particular stage

Question 11

Explain the stages of development:

Oral

Anal

Phallic

Answer 11

Oral:
*First 18 months of life
*Primary erogenous zones - Mouth, lips, and tongue
*Feeding problems can result in fixation and development of an oral personality

Anal:
*Primary erogenous zone - Anal region
*Children are toilet trained
*Traumatic toilet training can result in fixation and development of an anal personality (OCD)

Phallic:
*Ages 3 to 6
*Primary erogenous zone - Penis or clitoris
- Oedipus complex
-Child falls for opposite sex parent
Anxious, thinks parent is gonna casturate him
-Instead of confronting big and scary dad, Identifies with him
-That’s how they gain their male identity

Question 12

What happens for girls in phallic stage / Odeipus?

Answer 12

Think they already have been casturated

   - Penis envy Only way to know= psychoanalysis

Question 13

Explain the last two stages of development:

Latency Stage

Genital Stage

Answer 13

Latency Stage:
*Sexual desires abate
*Boys and girls are uninterested in each other

Genital Stage:
*Initiated at puberty
*Primary erogenous zone - Adult genital region

Question 14

Explain the three main techniques of getting at unconscious material?

Answer 14

1. Dreams:

*Provide id impulses with a stage for expression
*Trained psychoanalysts can identify common dream symbols

2. Projective tests:

Assesses unconscious material by asking test takers to respond to ambiguous stimuli
*Identifying objects, telling a story, or drawing a picture
-Ink test!

3. Free association:

*Used to temporarily bypass the censoring mechanism employed by ego
*Exposes strange, uncensored ideas
- Say words

Question 15

How else do we get at unconscious material?

Answer 15

*Hypnosis

*Symbolic behavior
*Daily behaviors can be interpreted as symbolic representations of unconscious desires

*Accidents

*Freudian slip