Chapter 1 - Part 2

Question 1

What is the Humanistic approach’s explanation to aggression?

Answer 1

People are basically good

Aggression arises when something interferes with natural growth process
*Inadequate basic needs, poor self-image

Question 2

What is the Behavioral/social approach’s explanation of aggression?

Answer 2

People learn to be aggressive

Aggressive behavior that is rewarded will be repeated

Question 3

What is the Cognitive explanation of aggression?

Answer 3

Certain cues in the environment trigger a network of aggressive thoughts and emotion

Question 4

What is the Psychoanalytic approach’s explanation to depressions?

Answer 4

Depression is a result of holding unconscious feelings of anger and hostility

Question 5

What is the Trait approach’s explanation to depressions?

Answer 5

Focuses on identifying depression-prone individuals

Person’s general emotional level at present can indicate that person’s emotions in the future

Question 6

How do the two major cultures influence personality? (Individualistic and collectivistic)

Answer 6

*Cultural context influences an individual’s personality

*Individualistic cultures: −Emphasize on individual needs and accomplishments
*Individuals perceive themselves as independent and unique
*Includes Northern European countries and the United States

*Collectivist cultures: Emphasize on belonging to a larger group
Family, tribe, or nationIncludes Asian, African, Central American, and South American countries
*Cultural context influences interpretation of an individual’s beha

Question 7

What is Evaluation of personality for?

Answer 7

Used for diagnosis, education, counseling, and research

Question 8

Explain the two principles of measurement? (Validity and Reliability)

Answer 8

Reliability: Consistency of response to a psychological assessment device

Validity: Extent to which an assessment device measures what it is intended to measure

Question 9

What are Self-Report Inventories?

Answer 9

a kind of objective test used to assess personality

*Subjects answer questions about their behaviors and feelings
*Objective measure - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI

Question 10

What is the advantages and disadvantages of Self-Report Inventories?

Answer 10

Pros:
- Objective scoring
- Quick assessment

Cons:
- Not good for ppl with limited literacy skills
- Tendency to supply socially acceptable answers

Question 11

What is The Dark Triad: The Dirty Dozen?

Answer 11

term used to describe a constellation of three socially undesirable personality traits:

narcissism:

psychopathy:

and Machiavellianism: (interpersonal manipulation, indifference to morality, lack of empathy, and a calculated focus on self-interest)

Question 12

Short dark Triad (FIND THIS IN NOTES)

Question 13

What is an International Personality Item Pool?

Answer 13

Rate how much something describes you: 0 = Not at all accurate, 1 = A little accurate, 2= Moderately accurate, 3 = Quite a bit accurate, 4 = Extremely accurate

Calculate after

Question 14

What are the advantages of Online Test Administration?

Answer 14

*Advantages
*Less time-consuming and expensive
*Objective scoring
*Accepted by younger employees
*Prevents test takers from looking ahead at questions and changing their answers

Question 15

What are Projective Tests?

Answer 15

*Projective techniques
*Rorschach Inkblot Technique
*Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
*Word association and sentence completion

*Interpretation is subjective
*Reliability and validity of the tests are lo

Question 16

What are the T.A.T assessments? (process)

Answer 16

involves having people explain what is happening in ambiguous scenes.

Each picture should be shownone at a time, and the subjects are then asked to depict a story from the pictures in the card. Total time duration assigned for 10 pictures is 50 minutes

*Describe
*Present Situation
*Thoughts and feelings of the character(s)
*Preceding events: the events that led up to the story.
*Final Outcome

Question 17

What is the Recording Procedure for T.A.T assessements?

Answer 17

*Complete responses presented by a subject should be recorded.

*Along with behavioral observations: stuttering, voice tone, body posture, hand movements, exclamation, and so on.

*Practitioner should engage in questioning and inquiry to produce a continuous flow of the subject’s fantasy.

*The cards should be administered in the sequence they were presented to the subject