Chapter 6: Listening Effectively Flashcards
listening
- the active process of making meaning out of another person’s spoken message
- listening is active, not automatic
- listening requires more than just hearing -> it is the sensory process of receiving and perceiving sounds
listening effectively
- we spend much of our waking day listening
- good listening skills are essential in workplaces, families, and social relationships
2 misconceptions about listening
- hearing is the same as listening
- listening is natural and effortless
culture can affect listening behavior
- expectations for directness
- nonverbal listening responses
- understanding of language
HURIER model of effective listening
- Hearing- physically hearing
- Understanding- comprehending
- Remembering- storing ideas
- Interpreting- assigning meaning
- Evaluating- judging intentions
- Responding
types of listening
- informational listening
- critical listening
- empathic listening
informational listening
- listening to learn
- we engage in informational listening when taking notes in class, watching the news, or paying attention to driving directions
- information listening is a relatively passive process
critical listening
- means listening to evaluate or analyze something
- we engage in critical listening when we pay attention to a commercial to see whether we want to but a product or not
- critical listening doesnt necessarily mean criticizing what were hearing; rather, it means evaluating what were hearing
- paying attention
- assigning meaning
- evaluating
empathic listening
- means trying to understand what the speaker is thinking or feeling
- perspective taking helps us understand a situation from another’s point of view
- empathic concern is the ability to identify how someone is feeling and to experience those feelings ourselves
noise
- a barrier to effective listening
- noise is anything that distracts us from listening to what we wish to listen to
- some noise is physical
- some noise is psychological- distracting thoughts, memories
pseudolistening and selective attention
-barriers to effective listening
pseudolistening
-means pretending to listen to someone
information overload
- a barrier to effective listening
- we are exposed to multiple messages daily
- it can be difficult to pay attention to a particular message when we have to process so many
glazing over
- a barrier to effective listening
- someone may speak more slowly than we can listen, so our minds can wander
- glazing over can cause us to miss important details, listen uncritically, and make it appear as though we arent listening
selective attention
-means listening only to what we want to hear and ignoring the rest
rebuttal tendency
- barrier to effective listening
- means debating a speakers points and formulating a reply while the person is still speaking
- requires mental energy that should be spent listening and can cause us to miss details
closed mindedness
- barrier to effective listening
- is the tendency not to be listening to anything with which you disagree
- many people are closed-minded only about certain issues- not about everything
competitive interrupting
- barrier to effective listening
- means using interruptions to take control of a conversation
- most interruptions are not competitive
- can be used to express enthusiasm -> what happened next!
- can be used to get clarification -> can you repeat that again?
- can be used to warn of danger
becoming a better informational listener
- separate what is and isnt said
- avoid the confirmation bias, or paying attention only to the information that support our values and beliefs
- listen for substance more than style, avoiding the vividness effect
becoming a better critical listener
- employ skepticism
- evaluate a speakers credibility
- understand probability
becoming a better emphatic listener
- listen nonjudgementally
- acknowledge feelings
- communicate support nonverbally
stonewall
no indication that they are listening
back channeling
- nodding
- verbal/nonverbal behavior to let them know that you are listening
empathizing*
-ability to convey to a speaker that you understand and share their feelings on a topic
analyzing
- you hear what someone is saying and adding your own perspective in
- explaining your opinion or experience
advising
-telling someone what you think they should think, feel, or do
