Chapter 3- Perceiving Others and Ourselves Flashcards
1
Q
3 stages of perception
A
- selection
- organization
- interpretation
- perception a process, a 3 stage process
2
Q
selection
A
- 1st stage of perception
- what we choose to pay attention to
- three things that affect what we pay attention to:
- something unusual
- repeated stimuli
- intense stimuli- strong smells, bright colors
3
Q
organization
A
- 2nd stage of perception
- how we classify the stimulus
- physical constructs- direct observations, physical
- role constructs- hierarchal, social roles
- interaction constructs- behavior
- psychological constructs- peoples feelings
4
Q
interpretation
A
- 3rd stage of perception
- what meaning we assign to the stimulus
- ex. someone looks disheveled -> maybe they didnt sleep
5
Q
how we perceive others
A
- although perception has stages, the perception process is not linear
- there is no order to the stages -> circular
- selection, organization, and interpretation all overlap
- each stage can affect the others
6
Q
influences on perception
A
- cultures and co-cultures
- stereotypes- we remember things that support our stereotypes -> selective memory bias
- primacy and recency effects- first impressions or most recent interaction
- perceptual sets- things you chose to pay attention to that support your perceptions -> selective memory bias
7
Q
attributions
A
- the explanations we give for our own and others behaviors
- vary according to 3 factors:
- locus- where the behavior occurs
- stability- something that happens frequently
- controllability- can it be controlled
- ex. party next door and you do bad on a test -> you did bad bc of the party and didnt get sleep -> explains your behavior -> uncontrolled, unstable,
8
Q
self-serving bias
A
- an attribution error that assumes the following:
- our successes are earned and deserved
- our failures are not our fault
- ex. assuming you didnt get the job bc they dont like you
- blaming other people when things go wrong
9
Q
fundamental attribution error
A
- an attribution error that assumes the following:
- others behaviors are due to internal causes (not external)
- the reason someone else is in a bad position is bc of their own personality (not external things)
- not cutting them slack like we do for ourselves
10
Q
self concept
A
- reflects your stable ideas about who you are
- self concept is your identity
- multifaceted
- partly subjective
- we manage our self concepts through self monitoring
- self fulfilling prophecies reinforce our self concept
11
Q
perceptions
A
- formed by
- background
- interactions with others
- beliefs
- experiences
- can be accurate or inaccurate
- a process
12
Q
locus
A
- behavior located within ourselves
- where the behavior happens
- characteristic of yourself (internal loci)
- characteristic of someone else (external loci)
- ex. someone who is organized (characteristic) -> internal loci
- external loci- something out of our control -> how someone acts towards you -> traffic accident
13
Q
stability
A
- unstable cause- party, accident
- stable cause- traffic
- is it something that happens frequently or infrequently
14
Q
controllability
A
-can we control it or is it out of our control
15
Q
Johari window
A
- there are some things that inform ourselves/identity that are internal but some are external
- open area- what you know or chose to reveal to other people -> subjective 77
- hidden area- what you know about yourself but choose not to reveal
- blind area- what others know about you, but you dont recognize in yourself
- unknown area- dimensions of yourself that no one known
