Chapter 15- Speaking Persuasively Flashcards
1
Q
Persuasion
A
- an attempt to motivate others to adopt or maintain a specific manner of thinking or doing
- beliefs
- opinions
- actions
2
Q
rhetorical proof
A
- 3 forms
- ethos
- pathos
- logos
3
Q
ethos
A
- rhetorical proof
- appeals to a speakers respectability, trustworthiness, and moral character
4
Q
pathos
A
- rhetorical proof
- appeals to listeners emotions
5
Q
logos
A
- rhetorical proof
- appeals to listeners sense of reason
- inductive reasoning- consider the evidence and draw a conclusion
- deductive reasoning- start with the conclusion and use it to explain
- types of deductive reasoning- syllogism and enthymeme (dont really need to know)
6
Q
propositions of fact
A
- we influence beliefs with propositions of fact
- barack obama was born in hawaii
- flying is the safest mode of transportation
- solar power is not capable of meeting the energy demand in the US
7
Q
propositions of values
A
- we influence opinions with propositions of values
- fathers are just as important as mothers
- animal cloning is immoral
- our country is right to do anything it can to protect its citizens
8
Q
propositions of policy
A
- we influence actions with propositions of policy
- federal government should ban the use of human stem cell in medical research
- hate crimes against ethnic, religious, and sexual minorities should be capital offenses
- everyone should eat only locally grown, organic food whenever possible
9
Q
problem solving pattern
A
- a way we organize persuasive messages
- establish that a problem exists and its serious
- establish that a proposed solution is possible, practical, and effective
10
Q
refutational approach
A
- present the main arguments against your position
- immediately refute those argument
- state your own position and argue for it
11
Q
comparative advantage method
A
- describe the problem
- identify various alternative viewpoints
- explain why each alternative viewpoint is deficient
- propose your own solution to the problem
12
Q
monroe’s motivated sequence
A
- generate attention
- identify the need
- describe how your solution will satisfy the need
- ask listeners to visualize how their situation will improve with your solution
- tell listeners what action you want them to take
13
Q
avoiding logical fallacies
A
- ad hominem fallacy- criticize the person that makes the argument -> no credibility
- slippery slope fallacy- taking an argument to an extreme
- either / or fallacy
- false-cause fallacy
- bandwagon appeal
14
Q
avoiding logical fallacies
A
- hasty generalization-
- red herring fallacy- were all gonna die someday
- straw man fallacy
- begging the question
- appeal to false authority - just bc someone is of authority doesnt mean they are right
15
Q
adapt to your audience
A
- identify your audience disposition
- receptive audience
- neutral audience
- hostile audience
- neutralize hostility
