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Chem 4 > Chapter 6: Ionic and Molecular Compounds > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Ionic and Molecular Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical bonds are formed when…..

A

when atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to acquire an octet of eight valence electrons

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2
Q

Ionic bonds occur when…

A

when the valence electrons of atoms of a metal are transferred to atoms of NONmetal

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3
Q

Covalent bonds occur when…

A

form when atoms of NONmetals share valence electrons

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4
Q

Best way to remember covalent vs ionic?

A

Ionic…iconic couple….metal/nonmetal…male/female

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5
Q

Atoms form positively charged ions when they lose _____ and negatively charged ions when they gain _____

A

electrons; electrons

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6
Q

Group 1A, 2A, and 3A readily lose one or more of their ______ electrons to form ions with a + charge

A

Valence

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7
Q

What do elements in groups 1-3 have to do to end up with the same number of valence electrons as the nearest noble gas?

A

Lose electrons

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8
Q

What do elements in groups 5-8 have to do to end up with an octet?

A

Gain one or more valence electrons to form ions with a negative charge

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9
Q

Na+ and O^2-?

A

Na2O

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10
Q

Al^3+ and Cl- ?

A

AlCl3

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11
Q

Mg^2+ and N^3-?

A

Mg3N2

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12
Q

Ionic compounds, which is a metal/nonmetal compound, is named how?

A

The name of the METAL is written first, and is the same name as the element. The nonmetal is the first syllable of it’s name with an -ide ending. ex: KI is Potassium iodIDE

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13
Q

Name mgBr^2

A

Magnesium(metal) bromIDE (nonmetal)

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14
Q

Name K2O

A

Potassium Oxide

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15
Q

Name CaO

A

Calcium Oxide

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16
Q

Name Al 2 S 3

A

Aluminum sulfide

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17
Q

Name MgCl2

A

Magnesium Chloride

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18
Q

A cation is a:

A

Metal

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19
Q

An anion is a:

A

non metal (an-onion is not a metal)

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20
Q

Name NaBr

A

Sodium Bromide

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21
Q

Bromide is a metal or nonmetal?

A

nonmetal ation

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22
Q

Sodium is a metal or nonmetal?

A

metal cation

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23
Q

Aluminum is a metal or nonmetal?

A

metal cation

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24
Q

Sulfur is a metal or nonmetal?

A

nonmetal ation

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25
Q

Write out Cu 2+

A

Copper (II)

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26
Q

Write out Cu+

A

Copper (I)

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27
Q

Write out Fe 2+

A

Iron(II)

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28
Q

Write out Fe+

A

Iron(I)

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29
Q

Write out Fe3+

A

Iron(III)

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30
Q

Write out Pb2+

A

Lead (II)

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31
Q

Write out Pb4+

A

Lead (IV)

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32
Q

Write out Cr2+

A

Chromium(II)

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33
Q

Write out Cr3+

A

Chromium(III)

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34
Q

Transition metals except for Zn2+, Cd2+ and Ag+ form two or more positive ions (cations). They have a _____ ____

A

Variable change

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35
Q

Transition metals are written out using:

A

Roman numeral equal to the ion charge and the roman n. is placed in parentheses

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36
Q

How many ions does the transitional metal Bismuth have?

A

3+ and 5+

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37
Q

How many ions does the transitional metal chromium have?

A

2+ and 3+

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38
Q

How many ions does the transitional metal cobalt have?

A

2+ and 3+

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39
Q

How many ions does the transitional metal copper have

A

Cu+ and Cu2+

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40
Q

How many ions does the transitional metal gold have?

A

Au+ and Au3+

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41
Q

How many ions does the transitional metal iron have?

A

Fe2+ and Fe 3+

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42
Q

How many ions does the transitional metal Lead have

A

Pb 2+ and Pb 4+

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43
Q

How many ions does the transitional metal manganese have?

A

2+ and 3+

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44
Q

How many ions does the transitional metal mercury have?

A

Hg2 2+ and Hg 2+

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45
Q

How many ions does the transitional metal nickel have?

A

2+ and 3+

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46
Q

How many ions does the transitional metal Tin have?

A

Sn2+ and Sn+4

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47
Q

balance the charge and name MnF2

A

Manganese(II) Fluoride

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48
Q

Name MnO

A

Manganese(II) Oxide

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49
Q

write the formula for Nickel(II) Sulfide

A

NiS

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50
Q

Write the formula for Zinc chloride

A

ZnCl2

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51
Q

Write the formula for iron(III) oxide

A

Fe2O3

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52
Q

Polyatomic ions have a negative charge except for ______, which is ammonium

A

NH4+

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53
Q

Polyatomic ions often consist of a nonmetal such as _____, ______, _____ or ______, covalently boned to oxygen atoms

A

Phosphorus, sulfur, carbon, or nitrogen

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54
Q

Polyatomic ions are _____ of ions that have an ionic charge

A

groups

55
Q

Name: OH-

A

Hydroxide

56
Q

Name: NH4)+

A

Ammonium

57
Q

Name: NO3)-

A

Nitrate

58
Q

Name: NO2)-

A

Nitrite

59
Q

Name: ClO)4-

A

Perchlorate

60
Q

Name: ClO)3-

A

Chlorate

61
Q

Name: ClO)2-

A

Chlorite

62
Q

Name ClO)-

A

Hypochlorite

63
Q

Name: CO3)2-

A

Carbonate

64
Q

Name: HCO3)-

A

Bicarbonate

65
Q

Name: CN)-

A

Cyanide

66
Q

Name: C2H3O2)-

A

Acetate

67
Q

Name: SO4)2-

A

Sulfate

68
Q

Name: HSO4)-

A

Bisulfate

69
Q

Name: SO3)2-

A

Sulfite

70
Q

Name: HSO3)-

A

Bisulfite

71
Q

Name: PO4)3-

A

Phosphate

72
Q

Name: HPO4)2-

A

Hydrogren phosphate

73
Q

Name: H2PO4)-

A

Dihydrogen phosphate

74
Q

Name: PO3)3-

A

Phosphite

75
Q

Which three common polyatomic ions end in -ate?

A

Sulfate [SO4)2-], Phosphate [PO4)3-], and Nitrate [NO3)-]

Sulfate4, phosphate4, and nitrate3

76
Q

common polyatomic ions that end in -ite?

A

Sulfite3, Phosphite3, and nitrite2

77
Q

Write the formula for Sodium Phosphate

A

Na3PO4

78
Q

Write the formula for copper(II) nitrate

A

Cu(NO3)2

79
Q

Write the formula for Iron(III) hydroxide

A

Fe(OH)3

80
Q

Write the formula for aluminum nitrate

A

Al(NO3)3

81
Q

Write the formula for tin(IV) hydroxide

A

Sn(OH)4

82
Q

Molecular compounds (covalent) need prefixes because:

A

several compounds can be formed from the same two nonmetals

83
Q

Name CO2

A

Carbon dioxide

84
Q

Name CS2

A

Carbon disulfide

85
Q

Name N2O

A

Dinitride oxide

86
Q

Name NO

A

Nitrogen Oxide

87
Q

Molecular compounds form when atoms of to or more nonmetals share _____ and form a _____ bond

A

electrons, covalent bond

88
Q

Molecular compounds form when ______ electrons are shared by nonmetals to achieve stability

A

valence

89
Q

A ______ forms when two ore more atoms share electrons

A

Molecule

90
Q

The first nonmetal in a molecular compound is named by its _____ name

A

element

91
Q

The second nonmetal in a molecular compound is named by using the first syllable of its name followed by -___

A

Ide

92
Q

In a molecular compound, when a subscript indicates two or more atoms of an element, a _____ is used

A

Prefix

93
Q

Name NO2 and NO3

A

Nitrogen dioxide and Nitrogen trioxide

94
Q

mono =

A

one

95
Q

Di =

A

two

96
Q

Tri=

A

three

97
Q

Tetra=

A

four

98
Q

penta =

A

five

99
Q

Hexa =

A

6

100
Q

hepta =

A

7

101
Q

octa=

A

8

102
Q

nona=

A

nine

103
Q

deca=

A

10

104
Q

Valence electrons are shared by _____ atoms to achieve stability

A

nonmetal

105
Q

A ______ forms when two or more atoms share electons

A

molecule

106
Q

Exceptions to the Octet rule: Nonmetals P, S, Cl, Br, and I can form compounds with ____ or ____ valence electrons

A

10 or 12

107
Q

The __ atom has an octet in many compounds but in ___, there are 12 valence electrons or six bonds to the ___ atom.

A

S atom, SF6, Sulfur atom

108
Q

Shape of methane molecule:

A

Tetrahedral

109
Q

Describe the VSEPR theory

A

The valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory describes the orientation of electron groups around the central atom.

  • states that electron groups are arranged as far apart as possible around the central atom
  • states that the specific shape of a molecule is determined by the number of atoms attached to the central atom
110
Q

Shape of ammonia molecule:

A

Tigonal Pyrimidal

111
Q

Shape of h2O molecule:

A

Bent

112
Q

Name three common non polar molecules

A

H2, Cl2, and O2

113
Q

Nonpolar molecules with polar bonds can be non polar if the _____ in the polar bonds cancel each other out in a symmetrical arrangement such as CO2 and CCl4

A

dipolar: O====C====O

114
Q

Polar molecules such as HCl are polar because:

  • one end of the molecule is more _____ charged than the other.
  • the polar bonds in the molecule do/do not cancel each other?
  • The _____ are shared unequally in the polar covalent bond
A
  • Negatively
  • Do not
  • Electrons
115
Q

Is H2O a polar molecule?

A

Yes

116
Q

H2O has dipoles that do not cancel, making the molecule ______ at one and and _____ at the other

A

positive/negative

117
Q

Is NH3 polar or non polar?

A

Polar

118
Q

Why is NH3 polar?

A
  • there is one lone pair and three bonds around the central atom.
  • There are dipoles that do not cancel, making it neg/ at one end and + at the other end
  • there is a partial negative charge on the central atom
119
Q

In covalent compounds, polar molecules exert attractive forces called ____ ____ _______

A

Dipole-Dipole attractions

120
Q

In covalent compounds, polar molecules have dipoles where the positively charged end of the dipole in one molecule is attracted to the ______ charged end of the dipole in another molecule

A

Negatively

121
Q

In covalent compounds, polar molecules form strong dipole attractions called ____ ____ between hydrogen atoms bonded to F, O, or N and a lone pair on F, O, or N.

A

Hydrogen bonds

122
Q

______ bonds are the strongest force between molecules and play a major role in the shape of DNA

A

Hydrogen

123
Q

_____ _____ are weak attractions between non polar molecules

A

Dispersion forces

124
Q

_____ _____ are caused by temporary dipoles that develop when molecules bump into each other

A

dispersion forces

125
Q

____ ____ are weak but make it possible for non polar molecules to form liquids and solids

A

dispersion forces

126
Q

Melting points of compounds:

-are related to the strength of attractive forces between _____ or _____

A

molecules or compounds

127
Q

Melting points of compounds are lower as a result of weak forces such as _____ _____

A

dispersion forces

128
Q

Melting points of compounds are higher as a result of stronger attractive forces such as _____ ___-

A

hydrogen bonding

129
Q

Melting points of compounds are highest in _____ compounds as a result of the strong attractive forces between ions in the compound

A

ionic

130
Q

A double bond occurs when atoms share two ____ of electrons

A

pairs

131
Q

A double bond forms when there are not enough _____ to complete octetts

A

electrons

132
Q

A triple bond occurs when atoms share ____ pairs of electrons

A

three

133
Q

A triple bond forms when there are not enough electrons to complete ______

A

octets

Chem 4 (15 decks)

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