Chapter 11: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons (alcohols,ketones,etc) Flashcards
______ hydrocarbons have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom
Saturated
______ hydrocarbons are alkanes and cycloalkanes with single c-c bonds
Saturated
_______ hydrocarbons have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes
Unsaturated
_____ hydrocarbons are alkenes with double bonds
unsaturated
______ hydrocarbons are alkynes with triple bonds
Unsaturated
Alkenes have ____ bonds
double
Alkynes have _____
triple
Alkane is a ____ bond. Alkyne is a ____ bond, and Alkene is a ____ bond
Single, triple double
According to the VSEPR theory, the three groups bonded to carbon atoms in a double bond are at ____ degree angles
120
According to the VSEPR theory, ____ are flat because the atoms in a double bond all lie in the same plane
Alkenes
According to the VSEPR theory, the two groups bonded to each carbon in a _____ bond are at 180 degree angles
triple
Ethylene is the simplest ____, with the molecular formula _____
alkene, C2H4 (ON TEST)
C2H4 is _______, in the functional group _____
ethylene, functional group alkene
Ethylene has two carbon atoms connected by a ____ bond, and has two atoms bonded to each C atom
double
Ethylene is flat, with all __ and __ atoms in the same plane
C and H
Ethylene, in the function group ______, is a plant hormone used to accelerate the ripening of fruits
Alkene
Ethyne, more commonly known as ______, is the simplest alkyne
Acetylene (ON TEST)
What is the simplest alkyne?
Acetylene
Naming Alkenes and Alkynes: When the carbon chain has four or more C atoms, you start from left to right or right to left depending on….
Which one will give you the lowest number to the first carbon in the double or triple bond. Ch2=CH-CH2-CH3 is 1-butene and not 4-butene because going from left to right starts the name at 1 instead of 4
CH3–CH=CH-CH3 is 2-butene because…
because whether you start from left or right, the double bond is still the second carbon in the chain, and it’s butene because there are four carbon atoms and one double bond.
CH3–CH2-C(triple bond)C-CH3 is 2-pentyne because….
Starting from right to left, the double bond starts with the second carbon atom. Pentyne because there are five carbon atoms and one triple bond.
Video for naming alkanes:
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/organic-chemistry/bond-line-structures-alkanes-cycloalkanes/naming-alkanes/v/naming-simple-alkanes
CH2=CH-CH-CH3 in IUPAC name is:
1-butene
CH3-C (triple bond)C-CH3 in IUPAC name is:
2-butyne
Cis and trans isomers in an alkene are basically just…
Cis if the isomers are on the same side. If the isomers are flipped, they are trans. “cis-3-hexene” or “trans-3-hexene” ON TEST
In cis-trans isomers, there is no rotation around the ____ bond in alkenes
double
In a cis isomer, the alkyl groups are next to each other whether on top or on bottom. True or false?
True
In a trans isomer, the alkyl groups are switched and each one is placed next to an H atom. True or false?
True
In hydrogenation, what happens to the double bond?
becomes a single bond due to adding H2
An alkene is converted to an alcohol with which type of addiction reaction?
Hydration, because the acid H+ catalyst is required and the water (H-OH) adds to a double bond, where the H atom bonds to one of the C’s in the C=C and the OH bonds to the other =C.
What type of compound is Benzene?
Aromatic compound
Describe benzene’s structure
a ring of 6 C atoms and six H atoms. A flat ring structure drawn with three double bonds
Which compound is a flat ring structure with three double bonds, and represented by two structures because the electrons are shared among all the C atoms?
Benzene
Aromatic compounds are named with ____ as the parent chain
benzene (methyl benzene…chlorobenzene)
Methylbenzene is also called ______
Toluene
Benzenamine is also called ______
aniline
The OH acid Hydroxybenzene is most commonly known as _____
phenol (ON TEST. six ring carbon shape with a triple bond and one extended OH)
