Chapter 14: Amines and Amides Flashcards
Is indigo an amine?
yes
Amines are derivatives of ______, NH3, in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with alkyl or aromatic groups
Ammonia
Amines are derivatives of ammonia, NH3, in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with _____ or ____ groups
Alkyl(Ch3/Ch2) or aromatic(benzene)
Amines are classified as ______, _____, and ______
primary, secondary or tertiary
A _______ amine has ONE carbon group bonded to the nitrogen atom
primary
A ______ amine has TWO carbon groups bonded to the nitrogen atom
secondary
A ________ amine has THREE carbon groups bonded to the nitrogen atom
tertiary
H-N(Ch2)-H is which classification of an amine?
Primary
H-N(Ch3)-Ch3 is which classification of an amine?
Secondary
Ch3-N(Ch3)-Ch3 is which classification of an amine?
Tertiary
Is Methylamine primary, secondary, or tertiary?
Primary (methyl= Ch3)
Is Dimethylamine primary, secondary, or tertiary?
Secondary (Dimethyl= ch3-ch3)
Is Trimethylamine primary, secondary, or tertiary?
Tertiary (Trimethyl: ch3-ch3-ch3)
Primary and secondary amines with fewer than ____ carbons are soluble in water
6
_____ amines can form hydrogen bonds only with water molecules
Tertiary
1’ and 2’ amines act as a bronsted-Lowry ______ because the lone electron pair on the nitrogen accepts the H+ from water to produce an ammonium ion and a hydroxide ion (OH-)
base
An amine salt forms when: amines such as those responsible for the odor in fish are neutralized by an _____
acid
Amines are usually converted to their ______ _____ before being used as drugs
ammonium salt
ammonium salts are solid/liquid at room temperature, odorless/strong odor, and soluble/insoluble in water and body fluids. Choose the correct options
Solid
Odorless
soluble
Ammonium salts are used as the ____ ingredients in medications
active
What is the ammonium salt in Benadryl?
Diphenylhydramine
______ is used as a bronchodilator in the decongestant sudafed
Ephedrine
What is the ammonium salt name for cocaine?
Cocaine Hydrochloride
How can cocaine hydrochloride be converted back to its free amine?
By treating it with a strong base (also known as crack cocaine)
Alkaloids are physiologically active compounds produced by plants that contain _____
nitrogen
What is used in anesthetics, antidepressants, stimulants, and are habit forming?
Alkaloids
Is nicotine an alkaloid?
yes
Nicotine is a stimulant that increases the level of _______ in the blood
adrenaline
Caffeine is an ______ found in coffee, tea, chocolate, and soda, and is a stimulant of the PNS or CNS?
alkaloid/Central nervous system (It also has two benzene rings which explains its awesome smell)
Morphine and codeine are ______ obtained from the oriental poppy plant
alkaloids
Amides are derivatives of ______ ____ in which a nitrogen group (-NH2) replaces the hydroxyl (–OH) group of the ____ _____
Carboxylic acids (ex: CH3–C(O)—OH becomes CH3–C(O)–NH2
A popular amide is __________
acetaminophen(tylenol)
Amides are produces by reacting a carboxylic acid with ______, or a primary or secondary amine, and ____
ammonia, and heat.
_____ is the end product of protein metabolism
urea
_____ is removed from the blood by the kidneys
urea
_____ is excreted in the urine
Urea
Barbiturates act as _______
sedatives (phenobarbital and pentobarbital)
