Chapter 12: alcohols and ethers

Question 1

The four main functional groups discussed in chapter 12 are:

Answer 1

Alcohol (-OH), phenol (-OH bonded to a benzene ring), thiol (-SH group) and ethers (C–O–C group)

Question 2

Which groups do alcohols contain?

Answer 2

Hydroxyl -OH (example, CH3-OH is methanol)

Question 3

Which groups do phenols contain?

Answer 3

-OH attached to a benzene ring. If you see a six carbon ring with an -OH, do not immediately label it an alcohol. attached to a benzene ring classifies the -OH as a phenol.

Question 4

The only thing we need to know about thiols (-SH attached to the formula) for this exam is that they ____ and are used to make sure we can smell gases

Answer 4

stink

Question 5

Which groups do ethers contain?

Answer 5

C—O—C group. (ex: CH3—O—CH3) Always look for that middle oxygen atom.

Question 6

CH4 is _____, and after it turns into an alcohol, CH3-OH, it becomes _____

Answer 6

methane becomes methanol.

Question 7

CH3–CH3 is called ____ and after it turns into an alcohol, CH3–CH2–OH, it becomes ______

Answer 7

ethanol

Question 8

The alcohol we can drink is ______ when fermented

Answer 8

ethanol

Question 9

Are alcohols insoluble in water?

Answer 9

No, they are soluble.

Question 10

Propanetriol (glycerol) is a trihydroxy _____

Answer 10

alcohol

Question 11

_______ is a viscous liquid obtained from oils and fats during the production of soaps

Answer 11

Glycerol (trihydroxy alcohol)

Question 12

Glycerol has _____ polar –OH groups that make it attract water molecules easily

Answer 12

three (TRIhydroxy)

Question 13

An ether contains an ___ between two carbon groups that are alkyls or aromatic rings

Answer 13

–O–

Question 14

CH3–O–CH3 is called:

Answer 14

Two CH3 make it a Dimethyl, and the O in the middle makes it an ether. Dimethyl ether

Question 15

Alcohols are classified by the number of ____ groups attached to the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl

Answer 15

Alkyl

Question 16

Alcohols are classified as _____, _____, or _____

Answer 16

primary, secondary, and tertiary

Question 17

The longer the alcohol chain, the more likely it is to be insoluble in water. 3 or 4 carbon long chains are considered insoluble. Why?

Answer 17

Alcohols contain -OH groups and form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules and with water. Carbon negates that solubility so the longer a carbon chain, the more insoluble it becomes

Question 18

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Answer 18

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