Chapter 11: Organic Compounds Flashcards
Are organic compounds soluble in water?
No
Organic compounds have high melting and boiling points. True or false?
False, low boiling and melting points
What type of bonds are organic compounds?
Covalent
Are organic compounds flammable?
Yes
If organic compounds are not soluble in water, this makes them _____
Nonpolar
Which burns easily in air, inorganic or organic compounds?
Organic
_____ are organic compounds that contain ONLY _____ and hydrogen.
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
In organic molecules, every C must have how many bonds? Why?
Four bonds because on the periodic table carbon is in group 14 which indicates 4 valence electrons
_______ hydrocarbons contain only single bonds
Saturated. (“c–c” versus “c=c”)
Methane has a _____ shape and the molecular formula is:
Tetrahedral; CH4
Ethane’s condensed structural formula is ___–___, and each tetrahedral carbon forms how many covalent bonds?
Ch3–Ch3. Three.
Formula for butane?
C4H10
____ are hydrocarbons that contain only C–C and C–H bonds
Alkanes
Alkanes are compounds that end in ____
ane
Number of carbon atoms for: Methane
1
Number of carbon atoms for: Ethane
2
Number of carbon atoms for: Propane
3
Number of carbon atoms for: Butane
4
Number of carbon atoms for: Pentane
5
Number of carbon atoms for: Hexane
6
Number of carbon atoms for: Heptane
7
Number of carbon atoms for: Octane
8
Number of carbon atoms for: Nonane
9
Number of carbon atoms for: Decane
10
Ch3—CH3 is:
Ethane
CH3–CH2–CH3 is:
Propane
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH3 is:
Butane
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3 is:
Pentane
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3 is:
Hexane
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3 is
Heptane
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3 is
Octane
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3 is
Nonane
CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH2–CH3 is
Decane
An organic compound with 5 carbon atoms is a ____ alkane
Pentane
Molecular formula for Methane:
CH4
Molecular formula for Ethane:
C2H6
Molecular formula for Propane:
C3H8
Molecular formula for Butane:
C4H10
Molecular formula for Pentane:
C5H12
Molecular formula for Hexane:
C6H14
Molecular formula for Heptane:
C7H16
Molecular formula for Octane:
C8H18
Molecular formula for Nonane:
C9H20
Molecular formula for Decane:
C10H22
Cycloalkanes are:
Cyclic alkanes
Cycloalkanes have ___ fewer hydrogen atoms than the open chain form
two (i.e propane is C3H8, cyclopropane is C3H6)
Cyclopropane’s line formula is a:
Triangle because C3
Cyclobutane’s line formula is a:
square (because C4, four corners)
Cyclopentane’s line formula is a:
pentagon (because C5, 5 points)
Cyclohexane’s line formula is a:
Hexagon (because C6, six points)
When an alkane has four or more carbon atoms, the atoms can be arranged so that a side group called a “branch” or _____ is attached to a carbon chain
Substituent
Explain Isomers
Isomers have the same molecular formula but the atoms are arranged differently.
_____ have the same number of atoms bonded in a different order
isomers
_____ groups are groups of carbon atoms attached to carbon chains
Alkyl
____ substituents are ____ atoms attached to the carbon chain. The ones used on the test will be Fluoro, Chloro, Bromo, and Iodo
Halo; halogen. Expect Bromo and Chloro on the exam, definitely.
Formula and substituent of CH3–
Meth-yl
Formula and substituent of CH3–Ch2–
Eth-yl
Formula and substituent of Ch3–Ch2–Ch2–
Prop-yl
Alkanes with 9-17 carbons are _____ with higher boiling points and are found in motor oils
Liquids
Alkanes with 18 or more carbon atoms, known as _____, are waxy solids at room temperature.
paraffins
Do Alkanes with strong C—C bonds release energy when the bonds are broken during combustion reactions?
Yes
Alkanes with strong C—C bonds react with oxygen gas to make CH2 and water in combustion reactions. True or False?
False, C—C bonds react with O2 gas and CO2 in combustion reactions, not CH2.
