Chapter 6 - Circulatory System Questions

Question 0

Describe the S4 heart sound

Answer 0

• moderately pitched sound
• occurs prior to S1
• bla-lub-DUB
• results from an increased atrial pressure or decreased compliance of the left ventricle
• usually abnormal heart sound

Question 1

Describe the S3 heart sound

Answer 1

• soft low pitched
• occurs 1/3 of the way through ventricular relaxation (diastole)
• LUB-DUB-da
• is a rapid ventricular filling due to an inrush of blood
• sometimes present in healthy young people
• in majority indicates increased left atrial filling pressure secondary to heart failure
• usually abnormal heart sound

Question 2

Describe S1 heart sound

Answer 2

• lub
• results from sudden closure of atrioventricular valve at start of ventricular contraction (systole)
• normal heart sound

Question 3

Describe S2 heart sound

Answer 3

• louder sound than S1
• DUB
• caused by closure of the pulmonic and aortic valves at end of systole

Question 4

Which vena cava is the larger of the two?

Answer 4

The inferior vena cava

Question 5

What causes bruits?

Answer 5

A hardening of the arteries

Question 6

What are all the normal and abnormal heart sounds?

Answer 6

S1 lub
S2 DUB
S3 da
S4 bla
Murmur 
Bruit
Clicks 
Snaps

Question 7

What do the heart sounds clicks and snaps indicate?

Answer 7

Heart valve malfunction

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter has a greater stimulatory effect in beta receptors

Answer 8

Epinephrine

Question 9

Which neurotransmitter has a predominant stimulatory action in alpha receptors

Answer 9

Norepinephrine

Question 10

What are the 3 electrolytes important in initiating and conducting electrical impulses of the heart?

Answer 10

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium

Question 11

What are the 3 layers of an artery start from the inside out

Answer 11

Tunica interna - made up of a layer of simple squamous epithelium known as endothelium.

Tunica media - makes up most of wall

Tunica externa - thinner, made mostly of connective tissue with irregular fibers.

Question 12

What are the 9 subdivisions of the right coronary artery

Answer 12

Conus branch
Sinus node branch
Right ventricular branch
Atrial branch
Acute marginal branch
Atrioventricular node branch 
Posterior descending branch
Left ventricular branch
Left atrial branch

Question 13

Where does the right coronary artery and its divisions supply blood too

Answer 13

Walls of the right atrium and ventricle
Portion of the inferior part of the left ventricle
Portion of the conduction system

Question 14

Which blood vessel of the myocardium is the largest

Answer 14

Left main coronary artery

Question 15

Left main coronary artery divisions

Answer 15

Left anterior defending coronary artery

Circumflex coronary artery

Question 16

What area of myocardium does the left main coronary artery and its subdivisions supply blood to?

Answer 16

Left ventricle
Intraventricular septum
AV node