chapter 6

Question 1

What is a speech sound sample?

Answer 1

clients speech production compared to an adult model.

Question 2

speech sound sampling may also be called (2)?

Answer 2

phonological or articulation assessments.

Question 3

What are the two types of screening for speech sound disorders?

Answer 3

informal

formal

Question 4

What type of screening does not use any standardized administration or normative data?

Answer 4

informal screening measures

Question 5

What type of screening uses standardized administrative and normative data?

Answer 5

formal screening measures

Question 6

What is connected/conversational speech sampling assessing?

Answer 6

intelligibility
accuracy
patterns of errors
consistency of misarticulation

Question 7

What is single-word/citation form sampling?

Answer 7

Analyzing individual phonemes in single word. Its easier to transcribe. Clinicians usually focus on consonants and placement of phonemes.

Question 8

What is relational analysis?

Answer 8

comparing a child’s speech sound production to an adult standard

procedure to determine which sounds are produced correctly

Question 9

what is independent analysis?

Answer 9

describing a child’s speech sound production WITHOUT comparison to the adult standard

not worrying about correct/incorrect

Question 10

What are the 2 primary purposes of a phonological assessment?

Answer 10

1. determine need

2. direction of treatment

Question 11

What is stimulability testing?

Answer 11

is the child capable of making certain sounds? This will aide with phonological intervention

Question 12

What is contextual testing?

Answer 12

conducted to determine phonetic contexts in which sound errors may be produced correctly; also measures consistency of misarticulation

Question 13

What is the criteria for selecting phonological assessment instruments?

Answer 13

1) testing instruments (will depend on the sample)
2) material presentation (familiar and attractive for client)
3) scoring and analysis

Question 14

What are transcription and scoring procedures/methods for assessments?

Answer 14

IPA (most popular)

Correct vs. Incorrect

Diacritics

Question 15

How are phonologic assessment in children evaluated?

Answer 15

within an overall communication assessment because phonological development is integrally related to other aspects of development (cognition, motor development, linguistics)

Question 16

What are some related assessment procedures used to give a complete picture of a client’s phonological disorder and or direction of therapy? (4)

Answer 16

1) case history
2) oral cavity exam
3) audiological screening
4) speech sound perception/discrimination test

Question 17

what anatomical parts are evaluated in the oral cavity examination?

Answer 17

dentition
hard palate
soft palate or vellum
fauces
pharynx (cannot view but examiner can look at tissue movement)
tongue

Question 18

What are 2 names of speech sound perception/discrimination testing?

Answer 18

1. Locke’s

2. Phonological contrast testing

Question 19

What is Locke’s speech perception/discrimination testing?

Answer 19

identify target sound, the child error sound for the target sound, and a control sound that is similar to both the target sound and the error sound, but that the child can produce correctly. Show the child a picture and ask, “it this a fumb? is this a sumb? is this a thumb?” etc scoring each response the child has. If 3 or more mistakes exists in the error stimuli, the child is thought to have a problem with perception.

Question 20

What is phonological contrast testing?

Answer 20

1) child compare his or her own error production to that of the adult standard.
2) minimal pairs (lake-rake where /r/ is the error sound)

Question 21

How do we assure the accuracy of our transcriptions?

Answer 21

Interjudge = comparing results from 2 transcribers

Intrajudge = compare your current and earlier transcriptions

Question 22

What are we looking for in Dentition? (3)

Answer 22

observing the bite (overbite? underbite?)

alignment of the jaw

are teeth missing

Question 23

What are we looking for with the Hard Palate? (2)

Answer 23

Is there any blue tint on the maxilla? (could indicate a submucous cleft)

height of the hard palate (could cause some difficulty in articulation - RARE)

Question 24

What are we looking for with the Soft Palate (Velum)? (5)

Answer 24

proper closure of the velopharyngeal port during speech

presence of a submucous cleft

velar length

velar elevation

symmetry of velum and uvula.

Question 25

What are we looking for with the Fauces?

Answer 25

RARE - tonsils or faucial pillars are affecting speech

if the tonsils are enlarged they could affect the space between the pillars

Question 26

What are we looking for with the Pharynx? (2)

Answer 26

(cannot directly view during oral examination)

look at tissue movement on the posterior wall of the pharynx

Passavant’s Pad sometimes present in those with a cleft palate

Question 27

What are we looking for with the Tongue? (2)

Answer 27

motor abilities/limitations

size of the tongue (Macroglossia - actual or relative)

Question 28

What are we looking for with Audiological Screening? (2)

Answer 28

Is there response to pure tone at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 at 20dB HL

Does Impedance screening measures the movement of the eardrum, appropriate middle ear pressure, and the acoustic reflex of the stapedius muscle.