chapter 6 Flashcards
What is a speech sound sample?
clients speech production compared to an adult model.
speech sound sampling may also be called (2)?
phonological or articulation assessments.
What are the two types of screening for speech sound disorders?
informal
formal
What type of screening does not use any standardized administration or normative data?
informal screening measures
What type of screening uses standardized administrative and normative data?
formal screening measures
What is connected/conversational speech sampling assessing?
intelligibility
accuracy
patterns of errors
consistency of misarticulation
What is single-word/citation form sampling?
Analyzing individual phonemes in single word. Its easier to transcribe. Clinicians usually focus on consonants and placement of phonemes.
What is relational analysis?
comparing a child’s speech sound production to an adult standard
procedure to determine which sounds are produced correctly
what is independent analysis?
describing a child’s speech sound production WITHOUT comparison to the adult standard
not worrying about correct/incorrect
What are the 2 primary purposes of a phonological assessment?
- determine need
2. direction of treatment
What is stimulability testing?
is the child capable of making certain sounds? This will aide with phonological intervention
What is contextual testing?
conducted to determine phonetic contexts in which sound errors may be produced correctly; also measures consistency of misarticulation
What is the criteria for selecting phonological assessment instruments?
1) testing instruments (will depend on the sample)
2) material presentation (familiar and attractive for client)
3) scoring and analysis
What are transcription and scoring procedures/methods for assessments?
IPA (most popular)
Correct vs. Incorrect
Diacritics
How are phonologic assessment in children evaluated?
within an overall communication assessment because phonological development is integrally related to other aspects of development (cognition, motor development, linguistics)
What are some related assessment procedures used to give a complete picture of a client’s phonological disorder and or direction of therapy? (4)
1) case history
2) oral cavity exam
3) audiological screening
4) speech sound perception/discrimination test
what anatomical parts are evaluated in the oral cavity examination?
dentition hard palate soft palate or vellum fauces pharynx (cannot view but examiner can look at tissue movement) tongue
What are 2 names of speech sound perception/discrimination testing?
- Locke’s
2. Phonological contrast testing
What is Locke’s speech perception/discrimination testing?
identify target sound, the child error sound for the target sound, and a control sound that is similar to both the target sound and the error sound, but that the child can produce correctly. Show the child a picture and ask, “it this a fumb? is this a sumb? is this a thumb?” etc scoring each response the child has. If 3 or more mistakes exists in the error stimuli, the child is thought to have a problem with perception.
What is phonological contrast testing?
1) child compare his or her own error production to that of the adult standard.
2) minimal pairs (lake-rake where /r/ is the error sound)
How do we assure the accuracy of our transcriptions?
Interjudge = comparing results from 2 transcribers
Intrajudge = compare your current and earlier transcriptions
What are we looking for in Dentition? (3)
observing the bite (overbite? underbite?)
alignment of the jaw
are teeth missing
What are we looking for with the Hard Palate? (2)
Is there any blue tint on the maxilla? (could indicate a submucous cleft)
height of the hard palate (could cause some difficulty in articulation - RARE)
What are we looking for with the Soft Palate (Velum)? (5)
proper closure of the velopharyngeal port during speech
presence of a submucous cleft
velar length
velar elevation
symmetry of velum and uvula.
What are we looking for with the Fauces?
RARE - tonsils or faucial pillars are affecting speech
if the tonsils are enlarged they could affect the space between the pillars
What are we looking for with the Pharynx? (2)
(cannot directly view during oral examination)
look at tissue movement on the posterior wall of the pharynx
Passavant’s Pad sometimes present in those with a cleft palate
What are we looking for with the Tongue? (2)
motor abilities/limitations
size of the tongue (Macroglossia - actual or relative)
What are we looking for with Audiological Screening? (2)
Is there response to pure tone at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 at 20dB HL
Does Impedance screening measures the movement of the eardrum, appropriate middle ear pressure, and the acoustic reflex of the stapedius muscle.
