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ECU ARTIC/PHON exam 1 > chapter 4 > Flashcards

chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

speech sound disorders that have a known cause are called…

A

organically based

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2
Q

Name 4 disorders that are organically based SSD?

A
  1. variation in structures
  2. genetic disorders
  3. hearing loss
  4. neuromotor
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3
Q

what is true macroglossia?

A

enlarged tongue

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4
Q

what is the procedure called to remove part of a tongue?

A

glossectomy

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5
Q

what is relative macroglossia?

A

normal tongue in a small mouth (down syndrome)

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6
Q

If a soft palate is weak, what is the outcome to speech?

A

hypernasality, decreased intraoral pressure, unusual substitutions for stops and sibiliants.

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7
Q

Impairment to the nasopharynx would result in what type of speech?

A

hyponasal speech (enlarged adenoids)

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8
Q

Down Syndrome; why is intelligibility lowered?

A

relative macroglossia

intellectual disability

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9
Q

What disorder is associated with true macroglossia?

A

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

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10
Q

Galactomsemia; describe speech.

A

similar to CAS

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11
Q

How does HL affect speech/language? (4)

A
  1. acquisition
  2. production
  3. perception
  4. comprehension
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12
Q

What are the speech characteristics of someone with HL?(4)

A

Poor:

  1. intelligibility
  2. articulation
  3. speech errors
  4. phonology/syntax/semantics
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13
Q

What are the speech characteristics of neuromotor disorders?

A

poor speech motor control

poor muscle strength and tone

poor speed of movement

limited range/accuracy/coordination

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14
Q

What is the etiology of dysarthria?

A

damage to central or peripheral nervous system caused by trauma, lesion or disease.

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15
Q

What are the physical attributes of dysarthria?

A

weakness or paralysis or incoordination of speech musculature.

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16
Q

What are the speech characteristics of dysarthria?

A
  1. reduced intelligibility
  2. disturbances with respiration
  3. poor: phonation, articulation, resonance and prosody
17
Q

What is the etiology of Apraxia?

A

brain damage that affects motor speech programming

18
Q

What are the physical characteristics of apraxia?

A

none

19
Q

What are the characteristics of speech in apraxia?

A

articulation and language difficulties. Often times will self correct.

20
Q

What are the characteristics of speech for CAS?

A

error with production and prosody

21
Q

What are the 3 possible methods of classification for SSD of unknown origin?

A
  1. Possible etiology
  2. Psycholinguistic deficit
  3. Symptomatology
22
Q

What does Classification by Possible Etiology look at?

A

Researchers look at the proximal and distal causes to determine disorder. Subgroups have been proposed (speech delay, motor speech and speech errors)

23
Q

What does Classification by Psycholinguistic Deficit look at ?

A

by looking at the language input and output, the clinician can focus on what part is not functioning.

how the brain is processing language

24
Q

What does Classification by Symptomatology look at?

A

surface error patterns.

5 subgroups: articulation disorder, phonological delay, developmental patterns, consistent phonological disorder, and inconsistent phonological disorder.

25
Q

What disorders are comorbid with SSD?

A
  1. Language Disorders
  2. stuttering
  3. voice disorders
  4. emotional/psychiatric
26
Q

Approximately what % of preschool aged children with SSD also have some type of language disorder?

A

60

27
Q

Is it likely a language disorder will present if the child has a SSD?

A

yes

28
Q

What syndromes are common with stuttering?

A

Downs and Fragile X

29
Q

Are SSD and stuttering more genetically linked to females or males?

A

males

30
Q

What is the belief as to why children stutter?

A

limited capacity to manage several aspects of communication at the same time

31
Q

Why are SSD and emotional/psychiatric disorders comorbid?

A

children with ADD, ADHD or anxiety disorders may have issues with conversations, staying on topic and practice of speech

32
Q

Is Fragile X Syndrome more common in boys than girls?

Is it characterized by speech delayed or disorder?

A

boys

delay

ECU ARTIC/PHON exam 1 (13 decks)

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