chapter 4 Flashcards
speech sound disorders that have a known cause are called…
organically based
Name 4 disorders that are organically based SSD?
- variation in structures
- genetic disorders
- hearing loss
- neuromotor
what is true macroglossia?
enlarged tongue
what is the procedure called to remove part of a tongue?
glossectomy
what is relative macroglossia?
normal tongue in a small mouth (down syndrome)
If a soft palate is weak, what is the outcome to speech?
hypernasality, decreased intraoral pressure, unusual substitutions for stops and sibiliants.
Impairment to the nasopharynx would result in what type of speech?
hyponasal speech (enlarged adenoids)
Down Syndrome; why is intelligibility lowered?
relative macroglossia
intellectual disability
What disorder is associated with true macroglossia?
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Galactomsemia; describe speech.
similar to CAS
How does HL affect speech/language? (4)
- acquisition
- production
- perception
- comprehension
What are the speech characteristics of someone with HL?(4)
Poor:
- intelligibility
- articulation
- speech errors
- phonology/syntax/semantics
What are the speech characteristics of neuromotor disorders?
poor speech motor control
poor muscle strength and tone
poor speed of movement
limited range/accuracy/coordination
What is the etiology of dysarthria?
damage to central or peripheral nervous system caused by trauma, lesion or disease.
What are the physical attributes of dysarthria?
weakness or paralysis or incoordination of speech musculature.
What are the speech characteristics of dysarthria?
- reduced intelligibility
- disturbances with respiration
- poor: phonation, articulation, resonance and prosody
What is the etiology of Apraxia?
brain damage that affects motor speech programming
What are the physical characteristics of apraxia?
none
What are the characteristics of speech in apraxia?
articulation and language difficulties. Often times will self correct.
What are the characteristics of speech for CAS?
error with production and prosody
What are the 3 possible methods of classification for SSD of unknown origin?
- Possible etiology
- Psycholinguistic deficit
- Symptomatology
What does Classification by Possible Etiology look at?
Researchers look at the proximal and distal causes to determine disorder. Subgroups have been proposed (speech delay, motor speech and speech errors)
What does Classification by Psycholinguistic Deficit look at ?
by looking at the language input and output, the clinician can focus on what part is not functioning.
how the brain is processing language
What does Classification by Symptomatology look at?
surface error patterns.
5 subgroups: articulation disorder, phonological delay, developmental patterns, consistent phonological disorder, and inconsistent phonological disorder.
What disorders are comorbid with SSD?
- Language Disorders
- stuttering
- voice disorders
- emotional/psychiatric
Approximately what % of preschool aged children with SSD also have some type of language disorder?
60
Is it likely a language disorder will present if the child has a SSD?
yes
What syndromes are common with stuttering?
Downs and Fragile X
Are SSD and stuttering more genetically linked to females or males?
males
What is the belief as to why children stutter?
limited capacity to manage several aspects of communication at the same time
Why are SSD and emotional/psychiatric disorders comorbid?
children with ADD, ADHD or anxiety disorders may have issues with conversations, staying on topic and practice of speech
Is Fragile X Syndrome more common in boys than girls?
Is it characterized by speech delayed or disorder?
boys
delay
