Chapter 6

Question 1

Quantitative or Empirical Approach

Answer 1

The quantitative approach seeks to make predictions and test possible theories. It is the most used approach in psychology

Question 2

Qualitative Approach

Answer 2

The approach is sometimes called the “alternative approach” or “interpretive approach”
It is frequently used in anthropology, sociology, and education, but also in other fields.The qualitative approach seeks to discover meaning and promote understanding .The researcher may be involved in the study .The methods include content analysis, interviews, fieldwork, and participant observation

Question 3

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 3

the reasearch makes observation in a particular natural setting (Sometimes called the field). Researchers must emerse themselves in the community. This often requires them to move into the community. There experiences can be recorded in a journal, which is their field notes.

Question 4

what are the twomain issues with naturalistic observation?

Answer 4

1. The phrase “going native” means that the researcher becomes so involved in his/her observation that he/she loses their sense of objectivity and starts to identify or sympathize with the community.
2. Covert or concealed observation is used by researchers involved in naturalistic observation in order to ensure that their presence does not alter the behaviour of the participants (reactivity)

Question 5

Participant observation

Answer 5

allows the researcher to observe the setting from the inside, he or she may be able to experience events in the same way as natural participants

Question 6

Concealed observation

Answer 6

may be preferable because the presence of the observer may influence and alter the behaviour of those being observed.

Question 7

Systematic observation

Answer 7

refers to the careful boservation of one or more specific behaviours in a particular setting, usaly contrived by th reaserch. Usually will consist of one topic studied, Used in Qualitative Approaches.

Question 8

Coding system

Answer 8

the behaviors that are being assesed in the studies. The purpose of coding system is to summarize qualitiative observations

Question 9

What are the three main issues with Systematic Observation

Answer 9

1. the reliability of the coding system 2. reactivity 3. Sample size

Question 10

Case Study

Answer 10

provides a description of an individual

Question 11

What is the main disavantage of case studies?

Answer 11

they are not really good at making generalizations

Question 12

Psychobiography

Answer 12

is a type of case study in which a reaseracher applies psychological theory to explain the life of an individual, usually and important historical figure

Question 13

Archival Reasearch

Answer 13

involves using previously compiled information to answear reasearch questions.

Question 14

What media mediums could be used in Archival research?

Answer 14

Stastical records, survey archives, written records

Question 15

ethnographies

Answer 15

Anthropological descriptions of a society, from a particular variable

Question 16

Content analysis

Answer 16

is the systematic analysis of existing documents.