Chapter 4

Question 1

Reliability

Answer 1

reliability means that a measurement will produce the same

Question 2

what is the three ways to test reliability ?

Answer 2

Test-Retest Reliability, Internal Consistency Reliability ,Interrater Reliability

Question 3

Test-Retest Reliability

Answer 3

Conduct the same test at a different time with the same participants to see if you obtain the same results

Question 4

Internal Consistency Reliability

Answer 4

Examines how well the questions (items) relate to each other

Question 5

Interrater Reliability

Answer 5

Look at if other researchers, who use the same methodology will achieve the same results. These researchers can be part of your research team

Question 6

Validity

Answer 6

A synonym for validity would be accuracy. Results that are considered “valid” are representative of the real world

Question 7

Internal Validity

Answer 7

means that we are certain that the changes in the IV caused the response in the DV and there are no alternative explanations

Question 8

Construct Validity

Answer 8

is the degree to which this operationalized construct represents the true theoretical nature of the variable

Question 9

Face Validity

Answer 9

Face validity implies that if something appears or looks valid, then it is valid

Question 10

Content Validity

Answer 10

The content of the measure captures all the neccessary aspects of the construct and nothing more.

Question 11

Concurrent Validity

Answer 11

Scores on the measure are related to ther measure of the same or very similar constructs

Question 12

Discriminatory Validity

Answer 12

Scores on the measure are no related to other measures that capture theoretically different constructs

Question 13

Predictive Validity

Answer 13

Scores on the measure predict behaviour on a criterion measured in the future

Question 14

Reactivity

Answer 14

is when the participant is aware he/she is being observed and as a result changes his/her behaviour in some way (in other words they “react” to your presence”)

Question 15

What are the four measurement scales?

Answer 15

Nominal (most basic)
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio (most advanced)

Question 16

Nominal Scale

Answer 16

It is important to note that there is no rank or order in nominal scales. Number may assigned to represent these categories (Example: 1 = female; 2 = male 3 = prefer not to say)

Question 17

Ordinal Scale

Answer 17

The ordinal scale is used when there is a bit more information about the data. In this case, we can determine that this is some sort of order or rank to the data. However, we cannot quantify what the difference is

Question 18

Interval scale

Answer 18

The interval scale allows us to identify the order and quantify the difference between the elements. However, in the interval scale, the zero is arbitrary. It is a fake zero. (Ex: Temperature)

Question 19

Ratio Scale

Answer 19

The ratio scale is the same as the interval scale, except that in the ratio scale the zero is real. In other words, it makes a total absence of something. Ratio and Real.

Question 20

Discrete data

Answer 20

data cannot be divided into parts

Question 21

Continuous data

Answer 21

data can be divided into parts

Question 22

Central Tendency

Answer 22

Mode, Median, Mean

Question 23

what is the symbol for mean?

Answer 23

is X (called x bar) or M (for mean)

Question 24

Range

Answer 24

Range is the difference between the largest score and smallest score

Question 25

What are two additional scales of measurement?

Answer 25

Continous or discrete data.

Question 26

Chronbach’s alpha

Answer 26

an indicator of internal consisstency reliability assesed by examing the average correlation of each item (quesiton) in a measure with every other question

Question 27

Pearson product- moment correlation coeefiicient

Answer 27

A type of correlation coeeficent use with interval and ratio scale data. In addition to providing information on the streagth of relationship between two vairables, the Peasron product- moment correlation coeeficient indicates the direction ( positive or negatve of the relationshi