chapter 12, Understanding Research Reults: Describing vraibles and relationships among them

Question 1

histogram

Answer 1

uses bars to display a frequency distrivution for a queantitative variable

Question 2

descriptive statistics

Answer 2

stastical measures that describe the results of a study; descriptions stastitics include measure of central tendency, variability, and correlation

Question 3

variabliltiy

Answer 3

exists in a set of scores. A measure of variablity is a number that characterizes the amount of spread in a distribution of a scores

Question 4

strandard deviation

Answer 4

symbolized a s, which indicates the average deviation of score from the mean.

Question 5

variannce

Answer 5

symbolizes as s2( s squared). a easure of the variability of scores about a mean; the mean f the sum of squared deviations of scores from the group mean

Question 6

Correlation coeeficient

Answer 6

is a stastica that describes show strongly variables are relatd to one another

Question 7

Peason product-moment coeeficient (Called the pearson r)

Answer 7

is used when both variables have iterval or ratio scale propertied. Values of a person r can range from 0 to + or - . ONLY DETECTS LINEAR RELAITONSHIPS

Question 8

scatterplot

Answer 8

in which each pair of scores is plotted as a single point in a diagram

Question 9

restriction of range

Answer 9

occurs when the individuals in our sample are very similar or homogenous on the variable ou are study

Question 10

Effect size

Answer 10

is a gernal term that refers to the strenght of the association betweeen variable

Question 11

r2 or squared correlation coeeficient

Answer 11

value is sometimes referred to as the percent of shared vraiance between two variables

Question 12

Cohen’s d

Answer 12

to describe the amgnitude of the effect of the independent vara

Question 13

regression equations

Answer 13

are caculations used to predit a person’s score on one variable when that person’s score on anohter variable is already known

Question 14

criterion variable

Answer 14

the outcome variable that is being predicted in a multiple regression analysis

Question 15

predictor variable

Answer 15

the variable used to predict chages in the criterion (or outcome) varialbe in a multiple regression analysis

Question 16

multiple corelation

Answer 16

is used to combine a number of predictor variables to increase the accuracy of prediciton of a given crieterion or outcome variable

Question 17

squared mutilple coreelation coefficient

Answer 17

is interpreted in much the same way as the squared correlation coeeficient r2. That is R2 tells you the precentage of vraible in the criterion variable that is accouted for by the comined set of predictor variables

Question 18

multiple regression

Answer 18

models the unique relationship between each predictor and the crieterion

Question 19

partial correlation

Answer 19

provides a way of statistically controlling thrid variables in the non-experiments

Question 20

Structural equation modelling (SEM)

Answer 20

is a general term to refer to these techniques