Chapter 3

Question 1

Variables

Answer 1

something with many different values, can be numerical or catergorical(religion)

Question 2

What are the different kinds of variable

Answer 2

situational, response, participant, and mediating

Question 3

what is a situational variable ?

Answer 3

describes characteristics of a situation or environment (e.g the length of the book)

Question 4

Response variable

Answer 4

refers to the responses of behaviour of individuals (e.g. reaction time)

Question 5

participant variables

Answer 5

describes the characteristics of indivduals that they bring with them to a study (ex: sex, intelligent)

Question 6

mediating variable

Answer 6

is a psychological process that occurs between a situational variable and a particular, behavioural response that helps to explain the relationship between them.

Question 7

what is a operational definition?

Answer 7

it is how they define the vairables

Question 8

why do resaerchers need to create an operational definition?

Answer 8

1) To be able to study abstract concepts, empirically, 2) To clearly communicate ideas to other researchers, 3) To allow for critique of our study

Question 9

what is the non-experimental Method?

Answer 9

Observe and Measure Variables. Both variables are measured (interested in correlation)

Question 10

Experimental Method

Answer 10

Manipulate and Control Variables. One variable will cause an effect in the other (interested in causation)

Question 11

Positive Relationship

Answer 11

as one variable increases/decreases, the other variable also increases/decreases. Up/Up, Down/Down

Question 12

negative relationship

Answer 12

as one variable increases, the other decreases. One up one down

Question 13

curvilinear relationship

Answer 13

the relationship may appear positive, but then it will shift to negative (or vice-versa). Curve

Question 14

No Relationship

Answer 14

the will be no relationship between the two variables. Its Horizontal

Question 15

How is correlation measured?

Answer 15

In statistics, correlation is measured using a correlation coefficient, which is a scale from -1.00 to 1.00 (0 is also a possibility)

Question 16

what symbol is used to represent correlation?

Answer 16

The symbol r is used to represent correlation

Question 17

what is a strong correlation ?

Answer 17

to -1.00 or 1.00 means a strong relationship. The relationship can be negative (will have a minus sign) or positive (no sign)

Question 18

whats is a perfect positive correlation?

Answer 18

where the r is r=1.00

Question 19

what is a precfect negative correlation?

Answer 19

where the r is r=-1.00

Question 20

what is a week positive relationship?

Answer 20

r=0.2 is a weak positive

relationship

Question 21

what is a strong positive relationship?

Answer 21

r=0.8 is a strong positive relationship

Question 22

what is a week negative relatioship?

Answer 22

r=0.3 is a weak negative relationship

Question 23

what is a strong negative

Answer 23

r = -0.9 is a strong negative relationship

Question 24

what is the third variable problem?

Answer 24

it may seem that there is a relationship between the two variables when in fact there is no real relationship

Question 25

Independent Variable (IV)

Answer 25

The variable that is changed in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable (on the x-axis)

Question 26

Dependent Variable (DV):

Answer 26

The outcome variable that results from the manipulation of the IV (on the y-axis)

Question 27

Internal Validity

Answer 27

means that we are certain that the changes in the IV caused the response in the DV and there are no alternative explanations