Chapter 6 Flashcards
Case Studies
studies that involve a thorough and detailed examination of one person or situation
Idiographic Approach
emphasizes or reveals the unique qualities of each person
Nomoethic Design
an approach to case studies that determines similarities or common qualities among people
ABAB (reversal) design
an experimental design in which a treatment is alternately applied and removed, with A and B each representing the presence or absence of the treatment
Meta-Analysis
a statistical method of combining the results of separate studies to create a summary of the findings
Cross-sectional designs
experimental designs that assess or compare a participant group at one particular point in time
Longitudinal designs
experimental designs that emphasize changes across time. Makes within-group comparisons from time to time
Efficacy
the success of a particular therapy in a controlled study conducted with clients who were chosen according to particular study criteria.
Internal Validity
the extent to which the change in the dependent variable is due solely to the change in the independent variable
External Validity
the extent to which the findings of a scientific study can be applied to other situations, people, or times
Analogue Design
Compare the events of 2 situations to look for correlations
Within Subjects Design
Everyone participates in all conditions
Mixed Group Design
Different groups receive different treatments and responses are assessed over time at different phases of the experiment
Between-group design
Each participant participates in only 1 condition
Quasi-Experimental Design
Experimental Design is less scientifically based but is frequently used in clinical psychology due to ethical considerations
Independent variable
the variable that is changed
Dependent Variable
The variable that is measured
Treatment Outcome
the level of how well therapies work
Experimental Method
a method that involves a number of discrete, sequential steps, including observation, hypothesis, empirical testing, and hypothesis revision
Randomized Clinical Trials (RTC)
a common type of experimental study in which researchers test the outcome of a particular, manualized therapy on a particular diagnosis
Correlational Methods
the process of examining the relationship that exists between two or more variables that does not determine a causal relationship between them
Control Group
a group in an experiment that doesn’t receive the treatment
Experimental condition
to expose a participant to treatment
